Atypical depression is a subtype of major depressive disorder that is characterized by presenting symptoms different from those of classic depression. Although less known than other types of depression, atypical depression affects a significant percentage of the population and can have a profound impact on the quality of life of those who suffer from it.
Symptoms of atypical depression
1. Changes in mood
One of the most characteristic symptoms of atypical depression is variability in mood. People who suffer from it can experience episodes of intense sadness, but also moments of improvement or even euphoria. This fluctuation in mood can make it difficult to accurately diagnose the disease.
2. Hypersensitivity to rejection
People with atypical depression tend to be especially sensitive to rejection or criticism, which can lead them to avoid social situations or feel constantly misunderstood. This hypersensitivity can interfere with your interpersonal relationships and worsen your mood.
3. Increased appetite and sleep
Unlike classic depression, where loss of appetite and insomnia are common symptoms, in atypical depression an increase in appetite and a greater need for sleep are observed. These changes in eating and sleeping habits can contribute to weight gain and constant fatigue.
4. Feeling of heaviness in the extremities
Another distinctive symptom of atypical depression is the feeling of heaviness in the extremities, which can manifest as a physical feeling of depression or as difficulty moving with agility. This feeling can make it difficult to carry out daily tasks and worsen the feeling of discouragement.
5. Positive response to pleasant events
Despite experiencing depressive symptoms, people with atypical depression often respond positively to pleasant events or positive stimuli. This contrasts with anhedonia, the inability to experience pleasure, which is common in other types of depression.
Causes of atypical depression
1. Genetic and biological factors
As in other depressive disorders, atypical depression can be influenced by genetic and biological factors. Studies have shown that certain variations in genes related to mood and stress regulation can increase the predisposition to develop this type of depression.
2. Chemical imbalances in the brain
It has been observed that imbalances in the activity of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine can play a role in the appearance of atypical depression. These neurotransmitters are responsible for regulating mood, sleep and the response to stress, so any alteration in their functioning can contribute to the development of the disease.
3. Traumatic or stressful experiences
Traumatic events or high levels of stress can trigger or exacerbate atypical depression in people with a genetic predisposition. Situations such as the loss of a loved one, work problems or family conflicts can trigger an atypical depressive response in those susceptible.
4. Environmental and social factors
The environment in which a person develops can also influence the appearance of atypical depression. Factors such as lack of social support, work pressure or economic instability can contribute to the appearance of atypical depressive symptoms in vulnerable individuals.
Treatments for atypical depression
1. Psychotherapy
Psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy, can be effective in treating atypical depression. Through therapy sessions, people can learn to identify and modify negative thoughts, improve coping skills, and work on emotion management.
2. Medication
In some cases, the use of antidepressants may be recommended for the treatment of atypical depression. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and other medications can help stabilize mood and reduce depressive symptoms.
3. Alternative Therapies
In addition to psychotherapy and medication, some people find relief in alternative therapies such as acupuncture, meditation or yoga. These practices can help reduce stress, improve sleep quality and promote emotional well-being.
4. Lifestyle changes
Making lifestyle changes, such as maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and practicing relaxation techniques, may be beneficial in the treatment of atypical depression. These measures can help improve mood, reduce anxiety, and promote overall mental health.
5. Social support
Having a strong social support system is essential for managing atypical depression. Support from family, friends, or support groups can provide comfort, companionship, and resources to cope with the challenges that the illness presents.
Conclusion
Atypical depression is a depressive disorder It is characterized by distinctive symptoms such as changes in appetite, sensitivity to rejection, and positive response to pleasant events. While it can be challenging to diagnose and treat this type of depression, there are effective therapeutic approaches that can help people regain emotional well-being.
It is important to remember that atypical depression is not a sign of weakness. or lack of will, but a medical condition that requires appropriate care and treatment. Seeking professional help and having the support of loved ones are essential steps on the road to recovery.