The brain is one of the most complex and fascinating structures in the human body, and within it are the areas responsible for processing auditory information. These areas fulfill essential functions in the perception and processing of the sound that surrounds us, allowing us to interpret the world through this sense.
The 5 auditory areas of the brain
1. Primary auditory cortex
The primary auditory cortex, also known as Brodmann area 41, is the first station where auditory information is processed. It is located in the superior temporal gyrus of the brain and is responsible for receiving and analyzing sound stimuli coming from the ear. Here the bases are established for the identification of tones, volumes and directions of sound.
2. Secondary auditory cortex
The secondary auditory cortex, or Brodmann area 42, is responsible for interpreting and making sense of the auditory information received from the primary auditory cortex. In this region, the discrimination of complex sounds, the identification of auditory patterns and the association of sounds with past experiences are carried out. It also plays a crucial role in the perception of language and music.
3. Auditory associative areas
In addition to the primary and secondary auditory cortices, there are auditory associative areas distributed in several regions of the brain. These areas are involved in higher cognitive processes related to hearing, such as auditory memory, selective attention, multisensory integration, and semantic interpretation of sounds. Its function is crucial for the ability to understand and assign meaning to what we hear.
4. Medial geniculate body
The medial geniculate body is a subcortical structure that is part of the thalamus, a central region of the brain. Although it is not properly an auditory cortex, it plays a fundamental role in the central auditory pathway by acting as a relay of auditory information between the inner ear and the primary auditory cortex. It is crucial for the precise routing of sound stimuli to auditory cortical areas.
5. Cochlear nucleus
The cochlear nucleus is the first relay nucleus of the central auditory pathway, located in the brain stem. Its main function is to receive information from the inner ear through the auditory nerve and transmit it in an organized and coded manner to the higher structures responsible for auditory processing. Essentially, it acts as an initial bridge between peripheral sound stimuli and the brain.
In conclusion, the 5 auditory areas of the brain collaborate in a coordinated manner to allow us to perceive, interpret and give meaning to the sounds that surround us. . From initial detection in the primary auditory cortex to final integration and understanding in auditory associative areas, this complex system allows us to experience the world through the sense of hearing, enriching our perceptual and cognitive experience.