Cartilaginous joints, also known as semi-mobile joints or amphiarthroses, are a type of joint that allows limited movement between two bones. Unlike mobile joints that have a wide range of motion, cartilaginous joints are less mobile but provide stability and structural support. In this article, we will explore what cartilaginous joints are, the different types that exist and their distinctive characteristics.
Types of cartilaginous joints
There are two main types of cartilaginous joints: synchondrosis and symphysis. Each type has unique characteristics that determine its function and location in the body.
Synchondroses
Synchondroses are immobile cartilaginous joints that join bones together using hyaline or fibrous cartilage. These types of joints are commonly found in the growing skeleton, such as the epiphyseal plates of long bones in children and adolescents. Synchondrosis allows longitudinal bone growth and ossifies with skeletal maturity, becoming solid bone without cartilage.
A prominent example of synchondrosis is the union between the epiphysis and the diaphysis of a long bone, such as the femur bone in childhood. This cartilaginous joint provides a structural basis for bone growth and fuses in adulthood, eliminating the bone's ability to grow longitudinally.
Symphysis
The symphyses are cartilaginous joints that allow a limited movement between bones joined by a disc of fibrocartilage. These types of joints are mainly found in the midline of the body, such as the symphysis pubis which joins the two pubic bones in the pelvis. The symphysis provides stability and resistance to compression in areas where structural support is required without a wide range of motion.
Another example of a symphysis is the intervertebral symphysis between the vertebrae of the spine, where the intervertebral disc It acts as a shock absorber and allows a certain degree of flexion and extension. Although mobility in the symphysis is limited, their function is crucial for stability and shock absorption in the body.
Characteristics of cartilaginous joints
Cartilaginous joints have specific characteristics that distinguish them from other types of joints in the body. These characteristics include:
Presence of cartilage
A fundamental characteristic of cartilaginous joints is the presence of articular cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of the bones. This cartilage helps reduce friction and absorb shock during movement, providing a smooth, resilient surface.
Limited mobility
Cartilaginous joints have a limited range of motion compared to movable joints, such as synovial joints. This limitation in mobility is determined by the structure of the cartilage and the type of union between the bones, which gives them stability and resistance.
Support function
Cartilaginous joints play a crucial role in the stability and structural support of the body. By joining bones with cartilage, these joints provide a firm anchor that prevents excessive movement and protects surrounding structures.
Creating barriers
In some cases, cartilaginous joints also act as barriers protective, preventing the passage of materials between the cavities of the body. For example, in the pubic symphysis, the fibrocartilage disc creates a strong barrier that separates the two bones and protects internal organs from damage.
Functions of cartilaginous joints
Cartilage joints perform several important functions in the human body, which go beyond simply allowing limited movement between bones. Some of the key functions include:
Joint stability
One of the main functions of cartilaginous joints is to provide stability to the bony structures they join. By limiting the range of motion and preventing excessive movements, these joints help prevent injuries and maintain the structural integrity of the body.
Shock Cushioning
The cartilage present in cartilaginous joints acts as a shock absorber during movement. By absorbing the force generated by physical activities, cartilage protects bones and prevents damage from friction or excessive compression.
Facilitation of growth
In the case of synchondroses, cartilaginous joints They play a crucial role in longitudinal bone growth during childhood and adolescence. By allowing displacement and the formation of new bone, synchondroses contribute to the proper development of the growing skeletal structure.
Contribution to posture
Cartilaginous joints, especially in areas such as The spine plays an important role in maintaining proper posture and correct body alignment. By providing support and resistance, these joints contribute to the stability of the body in static and dynamic positions.
Conclusions
In summary, cartilaginous joints are a fundamental part of the human skeletal system, which provides stability, support and protection to bone structures. With specific types such as synchondroses and symphyses, these joints play key roles in limited motion, shock absorption, and bone growth. Understanding the anatomy and characteristics of cartilaginous joints is essential to appreciate their importance in the structure and function of the human body.