Dermatillomania, also known as picking disorder, is an impulse control disorder characterized by the recurring, irresistible urge to compulsively scratch, pick, or rub the skin, resulting in self-inflicted skin lesions. This condition can have a significant impact on the lives of those who suffer from it, affecting their emotional, social and physical well-being.
Symptoms of Dermatillomania
The symptoms of dermatillomania usually manifest themselves cyclically, with episodes of intense compulsion followed by periods of relief and calm. Some of the most common symptoms of this disorder are:
1. Ritualization
People with dermatillomania often feel the need to carry out rituals before, during or after the behavior of skin picking. These rituals may include looking for a mirror, touching the skin for imaginary imperfections, or performing repetitive movements before initiating the behavior.
2. Sensation of Momentary Relief
The action of scratching the skin may be accompanied by a sensation of immediate relief, but this sensation is only temporary and gives way to feelings of guilt, shame or regret once the episode has passed. concluded.
3. Skin Lesions
The lesions resulting from dermatillomania are usually visible and can vary in severity, from superficial scratches to deep wounds. These injuries can cause physical pain, infections, scars and have a negative impact on the self-esteem and body image of the affected person.
Causes of Dermatillomania
Dermatillomania is a disorder complex that can be influenced by various biopsychosocial factors. Although its exact cause is not completely clarified, some possible causes and risk factors associated with this condition have been identified:
1. Genetic Factors
It has been noted that dermatillomania may have a genetic basis, with an increased risk of developing the disorder in individuals who have a family history of impulse control disorders or related disorders, such as obsessive disorder. compulsive.
2. Neurobiological Dysfunctions
Some research suggests that dermatillomania may be associated with alterations in the functioning of certain areas of the brain, such as the prefrontal cortex and the reward system, which regulate impulses and emotions. These dysfunctions can predispose the person to develop compulsive behaviors and difficulties in impulse control.
3. Psychological Factors
Dermatillomania may also be related to psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, low self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, and traumatic experiences in childhood or adolescence. These emotional factors can trigger or exacerbate skin-picking behavior as a coping mechanism or emotional control.
4. Environmental Factors
The environment in which the person develops can also influence the appearance of dermatillomania. Experiences of abuse, neglect, social pressure, excessive perfectionism, significant life changes or stressful situations can contribute to the development and maintenance of this self-injurious behavior.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The diagnosis Dermatillomania is carried out through a clinical evaluation by a mental health professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist, who will collect information about symptoms, medical and family history, and triggering factors. It is important to rule out other dermatological and psychological conditions that may be present.
1. Psychotherapeutic Treatment
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most used therapeutic approaches in the treatment of dermatillomania. This therapy helps the person identify and modify the thoughts and behaviors that support the behavior of skin picking, as well as develop healthier coping strategies.
2. Pharmacological Treatment
In some cases, the use of psychotropic medications, such as antidepressants or mood stabilizers, may be considered to treat the symptoms associated with dermatillomania, especially if there is coexistence with other mental disorders, such as depression or anxiety.
3. Psychosocial Support
Psychosocial support, such as group work, education about the disorder, strengthening social and emotional skills, and effective communication with the support network, are important components in the comprehensive approach. of dermatillomania. The support of family, friends and specialized professionals can be essential in the recovery process.
Impact on Quality of Life
Dermatillomania can have a significant impact on quality of life of those who suffer from it, affecting their physical, emotional, social and work well-being. Some of the negative consequences of this disorder include:
1. Skin Deterioration
Repeated injuries to the skin can cause permanent damage, scarring, infections and other dermatological problems that require medical treatment. The physical appearance of the skin can also result in feelings of shame and decreased self-esteem.
2. Social Isolation
The shame and discomfort associated with skin lesions can lead the person to avoid social situations or interactions with other people, which can lead to isolation, loneliness, and difficulties in interpersonal relationships.
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3. Emotional Discomfort
The feelings of guilt, shame, frustration and anxiety that accompany dermatillomania can affect the mental and emotional health of the person, increasing stress, anguish and the feeling of lack of control over their own life.
4. Work and Academic Impact
Dermatillomania can interfere with a person's work or academic performance, making it difficult to concentrate, productivity, and interact with others. This can lead to absenteeism from work, poor academic performance and problems in the work or educational environment.
Conclusions
Dermatillomania is a little-known psychological disorder that can have serious consequences on the life of those who suffer from it. Identifying the symptoms, understanding the possible causes and seeking professional help are essential steps to effectively address this disorder and improve the quality of life of those affected by it.
Comprehensive treatment, which includes Psychological therapy, social support and, in some cases, pharmacological intervention, can help people with dermatillomania learn to control their impulses, cope with their emotions in a healthy way, and regain physical and emotional well-being.