Down syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic condition that affects approximately 1 in every 700 babies born worldwide. It is important to understand in depth what Down Syndrome is, what its causes are and the associated problems in order to provide adequate support to people who suffer from it and their families.
What is Down Syndrome?
Down Syndrome is a genetic condition caused by the presence of additional genetic material on chromosome 21. Instead of the usual two chromosomes 21, the People with Down syndrome have three copies of this chromosome, which is known as trisomy 21. This genetic alteration can affect both the physical and cognitive development of the person who has it.
People with Down syndrome Down syndrome typically have distinctive facial features, lower than normal muscle tone, delayed cognitive and speech development, as well as a higher chance of developing certain medical conditions, such as heart defects, vision and hearing problems, and thyroid disorders.
What causes Down Syndrome?
Down Syndrome is caused by an error in cell division during the formation of eggs or sperm. In most cases, this error occurs randomly and is not related to hereditary factors. However, there are risk factors that increase the chance of having a baby with Down syndrome, such as advanced maternal age.
Genetic testing, such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus biopsy, can be used to diagnose Down syndrome during pregnancy. These tests analyze the genetic material of the fetus to detect the presence of trisomy 21.
Problems associated with Down Syndrome
People with Down Syndrome may face a number of challenges physical, cognitive and social throughout their lives. Some of the most common associated problems include:
- Developmental delay: People with Down syndrome often reach developmental milestones, such as walking and talking, at a slower pace than their peers without the condition. It is important to provide them with adequate support and stimulation to promote their progress.
- Health problems: People with Down syndrome have a higher risk of developing certain medical conditions, such as heart defects, thyroid problems, obesity and respiratory problems. It is essential to carry out regular medical follow-up to prevent and treat these conditions.
- Learning difficulties: Delay in cognitive development can affect the learning of people with Down Syndrome. It is important to adapt educational strategies to meet their individual needs and promote their intellectual development.
- Communication problems: Some people with Down syndrome may experience difficulties in speech and communication. communication. The use of alternative communication tools, such as images or signs, can be of great help to facilitate interaction and expression of ideas.
- Emotional problems: People with Down Syndrome They may face emotional and social challenges, such as discrimination, rejection, and lack of inclusion. It is essential to provide them with a comprehensive environment and emotional support to promote their psychological well-being.
In summary, Down Syndrome is a genetic condition that affects different aspects of the lives of people who suffer from it. they suffer. Understanding what Down Syndrome is, what its causes are and the associated problems is essential to offer adequate support and promote the inclusion and well-being of people with this condition.