Dyskinesia, also known as dyskinesia, is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary, abnormal, and uncontrolled movements. This disorder can affect different parts of the body, such as the facial muscles, limbs, trunk, or even affect the ability to speak or swallow. Dyskinesia can be a symptom of different neurological diseases and disorders, so it is important to know its types, symptoms, causes and characteristics to be able to identify and treat it appropriately.
Types of dyskinesia
There are several types of dyskinesia that can affect people in different ways. Some of the most common types are:
1. Tardive dyskinesia
Tardive dyskinesia is a type of involuntary, repetitive dyskinesia that usually affects people who have been treated with antipsychotic medications for a long period of time. Symptoms of tardive dyskinesia may include mouth, facial or limb movements, such as grimacing, excessive blinking, tongue or jaw movements, among others.
2. Early dyskinesia
Early dyskinesia refers to abnormal involuntary movements that can manifest as tremors, jerks, or jerking movements in people of all ages. This type of dyskinesia may be associated with central nervous system disorders, such as Parkinson's disease or other movement disorders.
3. Choreoathetotic dyskinesia
Chreoathetotic dyskinesia is a movement disorder characterized by abnormal, uncontrolled movements that combine chorea (rapid, irregular, non-repetitive movements) with dystonia (involuntary muscle contractions that produce torsional movements or abnormal postures). ). This type of dyskinesia can affect people of all ages and may be associated with genetic conditions or brain injuries.
Symptoms of dyskinesia
Symptoms of dyskinesia can vary depending on the specific type of movement disorder and the person affected. Some of the most common symptoms of dyskinesia include:
- Involuntary, abnormal, uncontrolled movements.
- Tics or grimacing of the face, mouth, or eyes.
- li>
- Trembling or jerking movements in the extremities.
- Difficulty controlling movements or maintaining a stable posture.
- Difficulty speaking, chewing, or swallowing.
Causes of dyskinesia
The exact causes of dyskinesia are not always clear, as this movement disorder can be associated with a variety of conditions and factors. Some of the possible causes of dyskinesia may include:
1. Long-term use of medications
Long-term use of antipsychotic medications, such as those used in the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, may increase the risk of developing tardive dyskinesia. These medications can affect dopamine levels in the brain, which can trigger involuntary and uncontrolled movements.
2. Neurological disorders
Some neurological disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Tourette syndrome or dystonia, may be associated with the development of dyskinesia. These disorders affect the functioning of the central nervous system and can cause abnormal and uncoordinated movements in affected people.
3. Brain injuries
Brain injuries caused by trauma, stroke or neurodegenerative diseases can alter brain function and lead to the appearance of dyskinesias. These lesions can affect the areas of the brain responsible for movement control and coordination, resulting in involuntary and uncontrolled movements.
Characteristics of dyskinesia
Dyskinesia is characterized by presence of abnormal and uncontrolled movements that may vary in type, intensity and duration. Some of the most common features of dyskinesia include:
- Movements can be fast, slow, jerky, smooth, repetitive or irregular.
- Movements can affect different parts of the body, such as the face, extremities, trunk, or neck.
- Movements may worsen with stress, anxiety, or fatigue.
- Movements may interfere with daily activities, such as talking, eating, walking or performing fine motor tasks.
In conclusion, dyskinesia is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary, abnormal and uncontrolled movements that can affect different parts of the body. It is important to consult with a health professional if symptoms of dyskinesia occur, as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help control symptoms and improve the quality of life of those affected.