Emotional dependence is a complex phenomenon that has been the object of study and interest in psychology and neurobiology. It is defined as a pattern of behavior in which a person establishes romantic or emotional relationships in an excessive, intense and maladaptive manner, generating a strong need for attention, approval and affection from the other person. In this article we will explore what we know about emotional dependence from the perspective of neurobiology and how it manifests in the brain and in cognitive and emotional processes.
Neurobiology of emotional dependence
Emotional dependence has a neurobiological substrate that involves various brain structures and neurotransmitter systems. Functional neuroimaging studies have identified alterations in the functioning of key regions of the brain in people with emotional dependence, such as the amygdala, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and reward system.
Function of the amygdala
The amygdala is a brain structure involved in the processing of emotions and the regulation of emotional responses. In emotionally dependent individuals, greater activation of the amygdala has been observed in emotionally challenging or threatening situations, suggesting increased emotional sensitivity and difficulty in adaptively regulating emotions. This emotional hypersensitivity can contribute to the intensity of emotional bonds and the constant search for affection and security in the partner.
Implications of the prefrontal cortex
The prefrontal cortex, especially the cortex ventromedial prefrontal, plays a crucial role in decision making, emotional regulation, and the assessment of rewards and punishments. In emotionally dependent individuals, altered functioning of the prefrontal cortex has been observed, which may predispose to greater impulsivity, difficulty resisting immediate gratification, and a reduced ability to critically evaluate emotional situations in interpersonal relationships.
Cognitive aspects of emotional dependence
In addition to the neurobiological bases, emotional dependence also involves cognitive processes and dysfunctional beliefs that maintain this behavioral pattern. In many cases, people with emotional dependence present cognitive distortions, such as idealization of their partner, fragile self-esteem, fear of abandonment, and difficulty establishing limits and expressing their own needs.
Influence of automatic beliefs
Influence of automatic beliefs
Automatic beliefs are automatic and generalized thoughts that arise spontaneously in interpersonal situations. In the case of emotional dependence, these beliefs can feed the fear of abandonment, the need to be constantly validated by the partner, and the idea that one's own worth is determined by the romantic relationship. These automatic beliefs maintain the cycle of emotional dependence and reinforce dysfunctional behavior patterns.
Self-concept and self-esteem
Self-concept and self-esteem play a fundamental role in emotional dependence. People with emotional dependence tend to have a fragile self-esteem and depend on external approval, which leads them to constantly seek validation and acceptance from others. This need to feel valued by the partner can generate behaviors of complacency, submission and sacrifice of one's own needs in order to maintain the relationship at any cost.
Interventions from neurobiology and psychotherapy
Approaching emotional dependence from neurobiology and psychotherapy is crucial to promote emotional healing and the establishment of healthier and more balanced relationships. The integration of therapeutic approaches that address both the neurobiological and psychological aspects of emotional dependence can be effective in the treatment of this disorder.
Therapies based on neurobiology
In recent years years, therapeutic approaches have emerged that integrate knowledge of neurobiology and psychotherapy for the treatment of emotional dependence. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, and psychotherapy based on mentalization are some of the therapeutic modalities that have proven effective in modifying the patterns of thought and behavior associated with emotional dependence.
Cognitive restructuring and change of beliefs
Cognitive restructuring and the change of dysfunctional beliefs are fundamental pillars in the treatment of emotional dependence. Through identifying and modifying automatic beliefs and dysfunctional cognitive schemas, emotionally dependent people can learn to question their automatic thoughts, develop greater self-esteem, and establish healthy boundaries in their interpersonal relationships.
Conclusions
In conclusion, emotional dependence is a complex phenomenon that involves both neurobiological and cognitive and emotional aspects. The integration of therapeutic approaches that address the neurobiological and psychological bases of emotional dependence is key to promoting emotional recovery and building healthier and more satisfying relationships. With a comprehensive and personalized approach, it is possible to overcome emotional dependence and cultivate autonomy, self-esteem and emotional well-being in interpersonal relationships.