Expressive language is a fundamental skill in human development that allows us to communicate thoughts, feelings and ideas in a creative and emotionally meaningful way. This type of language goes beyond simply transmitting information, as it implies the ability to express our individuality, personality and emotions through words, tone of voice, gestures and facial expressions.
Development of expressive language
The development of expressive language begins from the first years of an individual's life and progresses throughout childhood, adolescence and adult life. Below we present the main stages of expressive language development:
Preverbal stage
In this stage, which spans from birth to approximately 12 months of age, babies primarily depend on non-verbal cues to communicate, such as crying, facial expressions, and gestures. Through interaction with their caregivers, babies begin to develop a basic understanding of communication and associate certain sounds and expressions with their needs.
First Word Stage
Between At 12 and 18 months of age, children begin to produce their first words, which are usually simple, concrete terms that refer to objects, actions, or people close to them, such as "mommy", "daddy" or " water". At this stage, children also make increasing use of gestures and facial expressions to complement their verbal language.
Vocabulary explosion
Around 18 to 24 months, children experience What is known as the "vocabulary explosion", in which they begin to acquire and use new words at an accelerated rate. At this stage, children begin to combine words to form simple sentences and express their desires, needs and emotions in a more elaborate way.
Development of grammar and narration
Starting By age 2 or 3, children develop a more advanced understanding of grammar and language structure. They begin to use pronouns, prepositions, and verbal conjugations more accurately, allowing them to construct complex sentences and participate in simple narratives. At this stage, they also develop the ability to express abstract ideas and more complex emotional concepts.
Refinement of expressive language
In adolescence and adulthood, expressive language continues to be refined through as people acquire specialized vocabulary, explore new communication styles, and develop skills to express emotions in more nuanced and sophisticated ways. During this period, people also learn to adapt their expressive language depending on the context and audience, allowing them to communicate effectively in various social and professional situations.
Possible problems in the development of expressive language
Throughout the different stages of expressive language development, some individuals may experience difficulties that affect their ability to express themselves effectively. Below are some of the possible problems in the development of expressive language:
Delays in language development
Some children may experience delays in the development of expressive language, which It manifests itself in difficulties producing words, constructing coherent sentences or expressing ideas clearly. These delays may be related to genetic, environmental, cognitive or emotional factors, and it is essential to detect and address them early through specialized interventions, such as language therapy.
Language disorders
There are various language disorders that can affect people's verbal and non-verbal expression, such as dysphasia, receptive-expressive language disorder, aphasia or language processing disorders. These disorders may have different causes and manifestations, but they share the characteristic of interfering with the ability of those who suffer from them to communicate effectively, which can have a significant impact on their personal, academic and social development.
Problems Auditory processing
Some people may have auditory processing difficulties, which affects their ability to interpret and understand the sounds of spoken language. This can manifest itself in difficulties discriminating similar sounds, following verbal instructions, remembering auditory information, or maintaining attention during long conversations. These problems can interfere with the acquisition and development of expressive language, as well as verbal communication in general.
Autism spectrum disorders
Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) ) may experience difficulties in the development of expressive language, especially when it comes to social and emotional communication. Many people with ASD have difficulty expressing their emotions, understanding the non-verbal language of others, or participating in meaningful communicative interactions. Early and specialized intervention is essential to support the development of expressive language in people with ASD.
Emotional and psychological factors
Problems in the development of expressive language may also be related to emotional and psychological factors, such as anxiety, depression, stress or trauma. These factors can make it difficult to express emotions, thoughts, and needs through language, affecting interpersonal communication and the ability to establish meaningful relationships. It is important to address both linguistic difficulties and emotional and psychological aspects to promote healthy expressive language development.
Conclusions
In summary, expressive language is a complex and fundamental skill that It allows us to communicate creatively, emotionally and meaningfully. Throughout the different stages of development, from childhood to adulthood, people acquire and perfect this skill, expressing their thoughts, feelings and ideas through words, gestures and tones of voice.
However, it is important to keep in mind that the development of expressive language can face various challenges, such as delays, disorders or difficulties related to auditory processing, autism spectrum disorders or emotional and psychological factors. Early detection, accurate diagnosis and specialized intervention are key to addressing problems in expressive language development and promoting effective and healthy communication.