Family therapy is a therapeutic approach that focuses on the dynamics and relationships within a family. Through this modality, problems that affect the family as a whole are addressed, instead of focusing exclusively on an individual. There are different types of family therapy and various forms of application, each with its own techniques and approaches. In this article, we will explore the different types of family therapy and how they are applied in practice.
Systemic family therapy
Family therapy Systemic therapy, also known as systemic therapy, is based on systems theory and the idea that family members are interconnected and affect each other. This approach considers that a family member's individual problems may be the result of dysfunctional interaction patterns within the family unit.
In systemic family therapy, the therapist works with the family to identify and modify these interaction patterns, promoting healthy communication, conflict resolution and strengthening family ties. It focuses on the here and now, rather than exploring in depth the past of each family member.
Techniques used in systemic family therapy
Some of the techniques used used in systemic family therapy include:
- Enactment: Family members are asked to act out problematic situations to identify patterns of interaction.
- Reframing: The aim is to change the perception of problems, promoting a more positive and constructive vision.
- Genogram: A family tree is created showing family relationships and intergenerational patterns.
Structural Family Therapy
Structural family therapy focuses on the structure of roles and hierarchies within the family. This approach was developed by family therapist Salvador Minuchin, who maintains that family problems are the result of a dysfunctional structure in which roles and boundaries are not clearly defined.
In structural family therapy, the therapist works to reorganize the family structure, establishing clear boundaries, appropriate roles, and promoting greater flexibility in the relationship between family members. It focuses on observing family interactions and modifying dysfunctional patterns.
Techniques used in structural family therapy
Some of the common techniques in structural family therapy include:
- Modeling: The therapist models alternative forms of family interaction to promote change.
- Establishing limits: They work with family members to establish clear boundaries and respect them.
- Direct interventions: The therapist intervenes directly in family interactions to modify dysfunctional patterns.
Narrative family therapy
Narrative family therapy focuses on the stories and narratives that families construct about themselves and their problems. This approach recognizes that families create meaning through the stories they tell and that these stories can influence how they cope with challenges.
In narrative family therapy, the therapist works with the family to explore and rewrite these narratives, promoting a new way of seeing problems and building healthier family identities. It focuses on empowering family members to become the narrators of their own stories.
Techniques used in narrative family therapy
Some of the techniques used in narrative family therapy are:
- Externalization: Separate the problem from the person, allowing the family to see it from a more objective perspective.
- Reauthorization: Helping family members rewrite their stories in more empowering and positive ways.
- Narrative reconstruction: Working with the family to build a new collective story that promotes resilience and growth.
Family therapy solution-focused approach
Solution-focused family therapy is based on the idea of that individuals and families have resources and strengths that can help them overcome their challenges. This approach focuses on identifying and amplifying these strengths, rather than focusing on problems and deficiencies.
In solution-focused family therapy, the therapist works with the family to identify concrete goals and foster collaboration. in the search for solutions. It is based on powerful questions and the co-construction of meaning between the therapist and the family.
Techniques used in family therapy solution-focused approach
Some of the common techniques in therapy solution-focused family are:
- Scales: Scales are used to measure the family's perception of a problem and their progress toward a solution.
- Looking toward the future: Focuses on visualizing a desired future and identifying concrete steps to get there.
- Positive reinforcement: Highlights and reinforces the family's positive behaviors and actions in the search for solutions.
Conclusion
Family therapy is an effective approach to address problems that affect the entire family. the family, focusing on the relationships and dynamics between its members. The different types of family therapy offer varied approaches and techniques to promote communication, conflict resolution and strengthening family ties.
Each type of family therapy has its own philosophy and methodology, which allows therapists adapt to the needs and circumstances of each family. The choice of therapeutic approach will depend on the goals of the therapy and the specific characteristics of the family.
Ultimately, family therapy seeks to promote the well-being of the family as a whole, promoting growth and resilience through mutual understanding, support and collaboration.