Group therapy is a psychological treatment modality that has proven to be effective in various situations. Throughout history, it has evolved and adapted to the needs of patients, offering a safe space to share experiences, receive support and develop skills to face different challenges. In this article, we will explore the history, types and phases of group therapy, highlighting its importance in the field of clinical psychology.
History of Therapy Group
Group therapy has its roots in the theories of Sigmund Freud, who in his early work on female hysteria observed that his patients' symptoms could be influenced by interaction with other individuals. However, it was in the 1920s that Jacob L. Moreno formally introduced the concept of group therapy, developing psychodrama as a therapeutic technique to explore interpersonal conflicts through dramatic representation.
During the During World War II, group therapy became more relevant as part of rehabilitation efforts for traumatized soldiers. Studies conducted in that period demonstrated the benefits of working in groups to overcome trauma and improve mental health. Since then, group therapy has evolved and expanded to different clinical contexts and populations.
Today, group therapy has established itself as an effective way to address a wide range of emotional problems, behavioral and relational. It has proven to be especially useful in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, addictions, eating disorders and autism spectrum disorders, among others.
Types of Group Therapy
Therapy Psychoanalytic Group Therapy
Psychoanalytic group therapy is based on Freudian principles and focuses on exploring the unconscious conflicts and intrapsychic processes of group members. The goal is for participants to better understand themselves and others, identify dysfunctional behavior patterns, and work on their resolution through group interaction and therapist interpretation.
Cognitive Group Therapy- Behavioral
Cognitive-behavioral group therapy focuses on identifying and modifying irrational thoughts and dysfunctional behaviors that contribute to patients' problems. Through techniques such as cognitive restructuring, gradual exposure or social skills training, we seek to promote positive changes in the participants' thinking and behavior.
Experience-Focused Group Therapy
Experientially focused group therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, is based on the principle that each individual has the capacity to grow and develop autonomously in a supportive environment. The therapist acts as a facilitator, creating an empathetic and non-directive space where participants can explore their feelings, thoughts and experiences in a genuine way.
Phases of Group Therapy
1. Group Formation
The first phase of group therapy focuses on group formation and establishing a safe and confidential environment. Participants know each other, share their reasons for joining the group and establish rules of coexistence and confidentiality. The therapist plays a crucial role in facilitating the creation of an atmosphere of trust and empathy.
2. Conflict and Resolution
In this phase, it is common for interpersonal conflicts and resistance to arise on the part of the participants. The therapist helps group members explore these conflicts, identify their origins, and work on their resolution through open communication and joint reflection. This stage can be intense but it is essential for the therapeutic process.
3. Therapeutic Work
Once the initial conflicts are overcome, the group focuses on the therapeutic work itself. Participants share their experiences, emotions and challenges, receive and offer mutual support, and work on identifying and modifying dysfunctional patterns of thinking and behavior. The therapist guides the sessions, encourages reflection and self-exploration, and proposes therapeutic activities adapted to the needs of the group.
4. Closure and Evaluation
The last phase of group therapy focuses on the closure of the therapeutic process and the evaluation of the achievements achieved. The participants reflect on their evolution, share their learning and say goodbye to the group in a symbolic way. The therapist provides feedback, evaluates each member's progress, and makes recommendations for follow-up outside the group, either through individual therapy, skills workshops, or relapse prevention programs, as appropriate.
In Conclusion, group therapy is a powerful tool for the treatment of various psychological and emotional problems. Throughout history, it has proven effective in promoting personal growth, improving social skills, and preventing relapse. With appropriate selection of participants, competent therapeutic leadership, and a solid ethical framework, group therapy can be an invaluable resource in contemporary psychological care.