Hiatal hernia is a common condition that affects many people around the world. It occurs when part of the stomach moves up through the diaphragm toward the chest, through an opening called the esophageal hiatus. This condition can cause a variety of symptoms that can affect the quality of life of those who suffer from it.
Types of hiatus hernia
There are two main types of hiatal hernias: sliding and paraesophageal. The sliding hernia is the most common and is characterized by the displacement of the lower limit of the esophagus and a portion of the stomach upward through the esophageal hiatus. On the other hand, paraesophageal hernia involves a portion of the stomach moving into the chest next to the esophagus, while the upper limit of the stomach remains in its normal position below the diaphragm.
Sliding hiatus hernia
In sliding hiatal hernia, the gastroesophageal junction moves up the esophageal hiatus. This can cause symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. Although this condition is common, it does not always cause symptoms and, in many cases, it can be discovered during a medical examination for other reasons.
Paraesophageal hiatal hernia
Paraesophageal hiatal hernia It is less common but more serious than sliding hernia. In this variant, a part of the stomach moves into the chest next to the esophagus, which can lead to complications such as obstruction of blood flow to the stomach and twisting of the stomach. Symptoms may be more intense and require more aggressive treatment.
Hiatal hernia symptoms
Hiatal hernia symptoms can vary from person to person, and some People may not experience any symptoms at all. The most common symptoms include:
- Heartburn or acid reflux
- Chest pain, which may be confused with a heart attack
- Difficulty swallow
- Feeling of fullness after eating
- Regurgitation of food or liquids
- Chronic cough
It is important to keep in mind Keep in mind that these symptoms can be similar to other conditions and it is essential to receive an accurate diagnosis from a health professional.
Causes of hiatal hernia
Hiatal hernia It occurs when a combination of factors weaken the muscles and tissues that hold the esophagus and stomach in place. Some of the causes and risk factors that may contribute to the development of a hiatal hernia include:
- Pressure in the abdomen due to obesity or pregnancy
- Coughing with frequency or suffer from chronic colds
- Lifting heavy objects regularly
- Aging, since tissues tend to weaken with age
- Genetic predisposition
While these are some of the common causes, hiatal hernia can develop in people who do not have any of these risk factors. It is important to remember that each case is unique and may require an individualized approach.
Diagnosis of hiatal hernia
The diagnosis of a hiatal hernia is usually made through tests of imaging such as endoscopy, which allows the doctor to visualize the esophagus and stomach. Other tests useful in diagnosing this condition include barium x-ray, which can reveal upward displacement of the stomach, and esophageal manometry, which evaluates the function of the esophagus and lower esophageal sphincter muscle.
Treatment of Hiatal hernia
Treatment for hiatal hernia may vary depending on the type of hernia and the severity of the symptoms. Some treatment options include lifestyle changes, medications, and, in more severe cases, surgical procedures. Here are some of the most common treatment options:
Lifestyle changes
Making certain lifestyle adjustments can help relieve symptoms of hiatal hernia. Some measures that may be beneficial include:
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Avoid large meals and meals before bedtime
- Elevate the head of the head. bed to reduce acid reflux at night
- Avoid alcohol, caffeine and tobacco
- Lose weight if necessary
Medication
Medicines to reduce stomach acid production, such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 receptor antagonists, may be prescribed to control symptoms of acid reflux and heartburn. In cases of inflammation of the esophagus due to acid reflux, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories or other specific treatments may be prescribed.
Surgical procedures
In severe cases of hiatal hernia or when symptoms do not improve With other treatments, surgery may be recommended. The most common surgical procedure to treat hiatal hernia is fundoplication, in which the lower esophageal sphincter is reinforced and part of the stomach is wrapped around the esophagus to prevent acid reflux.
Conclusions
Hiatal hernia is a common condition that can affect the quality of life of those who suffer from it. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, or difficulty swallowing, as early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help control symptoms and prevent serious complications.
Seek medical attention. recommends consulting a healthcare professional if a hiatal hernia is suspected to obtain an accurate diagnosis and receive guidance on the most appropriate treatment options for each individual case. With proper care and lifestyle changes, many people with hiatal hernia can enjoy a better quality of life and manage their symptoms effectively.