The human brain is one of the most complex and fascinating organs in the human body. It is the control center of all our cognitive, emotional and motor functions. In this article, we will explore the characteristics, structures and some of the pathologies associated with the human brain.
Characteristics of the human brain
The brain human weighs approximately 1.4 kilograms and is protected by the skull. It is made up of about 86 billion neurons, which are cells specialized in transmitting information within the nervous system. These neurons communicate with each other through connections called synapses, forming complex neuronal networks.
Another notable characteristic of the brain is its capacity for neuronal plasticity, that is, its ability to change and adapt over time. life in response to experience, learning and environment. This neuronal plasticity allows the brain to recover from injuries, learn new skills, and adjust to new situations.
Main structures of the brain
Cerebral cortex
The Cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain and is responsible for higher cognitive functions, such as sensory perception, thinking, memory, language and decision making. It is made up of sulci and gyri that increase its surface, allowing for greater information processing capacity.
Cerebellum
The cerebellum is located beneath the cerebral cortex and is crucial for coordination of movement, balance and posture. Although it is a relatively small structure compared to the brain, the cerebellum plays a fundamental role in the precision and fluidity of body movements.
Brainstem
The brainstem is the most primitive part of the brain and is located at the base of the brain, connecting the spinal cord with higher structures. It includes structures such as the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain, which regulate vital functions such as breathing, heart rate and sleep.
Pathologies associated with the human brain
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders in which neurons in the brain gradually deteriorate and die. Examples of neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These pathologies can cause symptoms such as memory loss, motor difficulties, and personality changes.
Mood disorders
Mood disorders, such as depression and bipolar, are associated with alterations in brain chemistry and neural networks involved in emotional regulation. Depression, for example, is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest in activities, and changes in appetite and sleep.
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Neurodevelopmental disorders are Conditions that affect the development of the brain and nervous system during infancy and childhood. Examples of neurodevelopmental disorders include autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability. These disorders can impact the communication, behavior and learning of affected individuals.
In summary, the human brain is an amazing organ that allows us to think, feel, act and experience the world around us. . Its complexity and its importance for our daily lives make it an object of constant study and research in the field of neuroscience. Understanding the characteristics, structures and pathologies associated with the human brain helps us appreciate its functioning and develop strategies to keep it healthy and functioning optimally.