Human temperaments have been studied and described since ancient times as a way to understand and classify different personalities and behaviors. Throughout history, various thinkers and psychologists have proposed different temperament systems, but one of the most recognized and popular is the classification into four temperaments: choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic and sanguine.
Origins of the 4 Temperament Theory
The theory of the four temperaments has its roots in ancient Greece, where it was believed that a person's personality was determined by the proportion of the four bodily humors: yellow bile, black bile, phlegm and blood. These humors were associated with four basic elements: fire, earth, air and water, respectively.
The Greek doctor Hippocrates was one of the first to develop this theory of temperaments, classifying people into four categories. depending on whether one of the humors predominates in your body. From this classification, various interpretations and adaptations have been developed throughout history, giving rise to the current concepts of temperaments.
The 4 temperaments
The following are They briefly describe the four basic temperaments and their main characteristics:
1. Choleric
People with a choleric temperament tend to be energetic, active and determined. They tend to be natural, dominant and strong-willed leaders. They are quick to make decisions and act, but can also be impulsive and prone to anger. The choleric tends to be extroverted, self-confident and action-oriented.
2. Phlegmatic
The phlegmatic temperament is characterized by calm, tranquility and emotional stability. Phlegmatic people are usually peaceful, kind and balanced. They have a serene and accommodating nature, avoiding conflict and seeking harmony in their interpersonal relationships. They may sometimes appear apathetic or indifferent due to their low level of energy and emotionality.
3. Melancholic
People with a melancholic temperament are sensitive, thoughtful and emotional. They tend to be perfectionists, analytical and creative. Melancholic people often experience intense and deep emotions, which can lead them to have emotional ups and downs. They are dreamers, idealists and often worry about others and the world around them.
4. Sanguine
The sanguine temperament is characterized by vitality, sociability and extroversion. Sanguine people are optimistic, enthusiastic and communicative. They enjoy the company of others and tend to be sociable and charismatic people. They have a positive attitude towards life and adapt easily to different situations and people.
Contemporary Applications
Although the theory of the four temperaments has its roots in ancient times, it is still relevant in contemporary psychology and in the field of self-help and personal development. Many therapists and coaches use this temperament classification as a tool to better understand their clients and help them enhance their strengths and work on their areas of improvement.
In addition, temperament theory can be useful in the work environment, since it allows us to identify the preferences and aptitudes of each individual in a work team. Understanding the different temperaments can facilitate communication, collaboration and conflict resolution in the work environment.
Conclusions
In summary, the four human temperaments offer a simple and accessible to understand individual differences in personality and behavior. While it is important to remember that each person is unique and complex, understanding the general patterns associated with each temperament can be useful to improve our interpersonal relationships, both personally and professionally.
The theory of four Temperaments invites us to reflect on the diversity and richness of human nature, and to appreciate the unique qualities that each individual brings to the world. By knowing and respecting different temperaments, we can foster empathy, understanding and mutual acceptance, thus building healthier and more enriching relationships.