Hypnotic drugs are a class of medications commonly used to treat sleep disorders, such as insomnia. These medications can act in different ways in the brain to induce sleep and improve the quality of rest. In this article, we will explore the 8 types of hypnotic drugs most used today and their main characteristics.
1. Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines are one of the oldest types of hypnotic drugs and are commonly prescribed to treat insomnia. They act on the central nervous system, enhancing the action of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which produces a sedative and anxiolytic effect.
Benefits and side effects
Benzodiazepines can Help you fall asleep faster and reduce the number of nighttime awakenings. However, long-term use can lead to tolerance, dependence, and withdrawal symptoms if stopped abruptly. Common side effects include daytime sleepiness, dizziness, and memory problems.
2. Zolpidem
Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug used to treat short-term insomnia. It acts similarly to benzodiazepines, enhancing the action of GABA in the brain to induce sleep.
Benefits and side effects
Zolpidem usually works quickly and has a short duration of action. action, which makes it useful for falling asleep quickly. However, it can also cause side effects such as residual drowsiness, dizziness, and changes in taste.
3. Zaleplon
Zaleplon is another non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug used to treat short-term insomnia. It acts quickly in the body and is eliminated quickly, which makes it useful for people who have difficulty falling asleep.
Benefits and side effects
Zaleplon can help fall asleep in a short period of time. The most common side effects include headache, dizziness, and sore throat.
4. Eszopiclone
Eszopiclone is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic drug used to treat chronic insomnia. It acts on GABA receptors in the brain to produce sedative effects and help fall asleep.
Benefits and side effects
Eszopiclone can improve both the onset of sleep and its maintenance throughout the night. Some common side effects are anterograde amnesia, headache, and drowsiness.
5. Ramelteon
Ramelteon is a hypnotic drug that acts on melatonin receptors in the brain to regulate the sleep-wake cycle. It is used to treat short-term and long-term insomnia in people who have difficulty falling asleep.
Benefits and side effects
Ramelteon may improve sleep quality and regulate sleep. the circadian rhythm. The most common side effects include headache, dizziness, and daytime sleepiness.
6. Doxylamine
Doxylamine is a sedative antihistamine used as a hypnotic drug to relieve occasional insomnia. It works by blocking histamine receptors in the brain, producing sedative effects and helping to induce sleep.
Benefits and side effects
Doxylamine may help you fall asleep and reduce the time it takes to fall asleep. The most common side effects include drowsiness, dry mouth, and constipation.
7. Trazodone
Trazodone is an antidepressant that is used off-label to treat insomnia. It acts on serotonin receptors in the brain and has sedative properties that can help improve the quality of sleep.
Benefits and side effects
Trazodone can improve both the quality and amount of sleep in people with insomnia. Some side effects include dry mouth, dizziness, and blurred vision problems.
8. Atypical antipsychotics
Atypical antipsychotics, such as quetiapine, are sometimes used off-label to treat insomnia in cases that are severe and resistant to other treatments. These drugs act on several receptors in the brain to produce sedative effects and improve sleep.
Benefits and side effects
Atypical antipsychotics may be useful in cases of severe and resistant insomnia. other treatments. However, they present side effects such as weight gain, extreme sleepiness, and risk of adverse metabolic effects.
In conclusion, hypnotic drugs are a useful tool for treating insomnia and other sleep disorders. However, it is important to use them appropriately and under medical supervision, as they may have side effects and associated risks. If you have sleep problems, consult with a health professional to determine the most appropriate treatment for you.