Iatrogenics is a fundamental concept in psychology and medicine that has been the subject of study and reflection for decades. It refers to the negative, unwanted and harmful consequences that may arise as a result of a health professional's intervention in a patient's life. These consequences, which can be physical, psychological or social, can arise from both action and omission, and represent an important challenge in the therapeutic relationship.
Characteristics of Iatrogenesis
Iatrogenesis can manifest itself in different ways and have different causes, but there are some common characteristics that define it:
1. Origin in Professional Intervention
Iatrogenesis occurs as a result of the actions of a health professional, such as doctors, psychologists, therapists or other specialists. It can arise from the prescription of inappropriate medications, the performance of erroneous treatments or the adoption of inappropriate therapeutic approaches.
2. Unintentional Conception
Iatrogenic consequences are usually not sought or desired by the health professional who causes them. They are generally linked to errors, misunderstandings, lack of information or limitations in the therapist's knowledge.
3. Negative Impact on the Patient
Iatrogenesis has the potential to cause harm to the patient, whether on a physical, emotional, cognitive or social level. It can interfere with the therapeutic process, worsen the individual's health status or generate unwanted side effects.
4. Context of Asymmetric Relationship
The relationship between the health professional and the patient tends to be asymmetric, with differential authority and knowledge. This discrepancy of power can favor the occurrence of iatrogenics, since the patient trusts in the expertise and judgment of the therapist.
Examples of Iatrogenics in Psychology
In the field of psychology , iatrogenicity can occur in various forms, negatively influencing the well-being and mental health of individuals. Below are some examples of iatrogenic situations in the psychological field:
1. Overpathologization of Behavior
When a psychological professional excessively or inappropriately labels an individual's behavior as a mental disorder, it can cause negative effects on the patient's self-image and self-esteem. This overpathologization can generate anxiety, fear and dependence in the person, contributing to the chronicification of their discomfort.
2. Therapeutic Dependence
The creation of a therapeutic relationship based on the patient's excessive dependence on the therapist can constitute an iatrogenic factor. If the professional promotes the idea that the individual cannot function without their help, a vicious circle of need and vulnerability can be generated that hinders the patient's autonomy and personal growth.
3. Non-Validated Interventions
When psychological interventions that lack empirical or scientific support are applied, there is a risk of incurring iatrogenesis. These practices can have counterproductive effects on the patient's mental health, deteriorating their well-being and generating negative long-term results.
4. Excessive Diagnostic Labeling
Excessive classification of an individual into various diagnostic categories can lead to labeling that limits their identity and self-perception. This excess of diagnoses can generate stigma, self-devaluation and a reductionist vision of human complexity, contributing to iatrogenesis in the psychological field.
Prevention of Iatrogenesis in Psychology
To avoid appearance of iatrogenesis in the field of psychology and promote healthy and beneficial therapeutic work for patients, it is essential to adopt prevention and risk management strategies. Some measures that can help minimize the iatrogenic impact are the following:
1. Training and Professional Supervision
It is essential that psychology professionals have adequate training and continuous supervision of their clinical practice. Updating the latest scientific advances and critical reflection on therapeutic interventions are key to preventing iatrogenesis.
2. Emphasis on Ethics and Patient Rights
The ethical principles of psychology, such as autonomy, beneficence and non-maleficence, must guide the actions of therapists at all times. Respecting the dignity, confidentiality and rights of patients is essential to avoid iatrogenic situations.
3. Use of Evidence-Based Interventions
Prioritizing the application of psychological interventions supported by scientific evidence contributes to reducing the risk of iatrogenesis. Therapies with proven efficacy and solid theoretical support are preferable to ensure the safety and well-being of patients.
4. Promoting Patient Autonomy
Promoting the autonomy and decision-making capacity of patients in their therapeutic process is essential to prevent iatrogenesis. Providing clear information, encouraging the active participation of the individual in their treatment and respecting their autonomy strengthen the therapeutic relationship and reduce the risk of negative effects.
Conclusion
Iatrogenesis is a complex phenomenon and relevant in the field of psychology, which can have significant consequences on the lives of patients. Recognizing its characteristics, identifying specific examples and establishing prevention strategies are fundamental aspects to promote an ethical, safe and beneficial therapeutic practice for those seeking psychological help. By addressing iatrogenesis proactively and thoughtfully, psychological professionals can contribute to the health and well-being of those who come to them for support and guidance.