Integralism is an extreme form of thinking characterized by rigid and uncompromising adherence to certain beliefs, ideologies or practices. This term is usually associated mainly with religion, but it can also manifest itself in other areas such as politics, culture or philosophy. In essence, fundamentalism is based on the conviction of possessing the absolute truth and the will to impose that truth on others, rejecting any form of divergent or critical thinking.
Origins and evolution of fundamentalism
Fundamentalism has its roots in the ancient history of humanity, where cases of groups or individuals who radically defended certain beliefs or practices can already be identified. However, the term "integrism" in its modern sense has gained relevance throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, especially in relation to fundamentalist religious movements.
Throughout history, the Fundamentalism has evolved and adapted to social and political changes. Currently, it manifests itself in multiple ways and extends to different areas of daily life, generating conflicts and divisions in society.
Characteristics of fundamentalism
To better understand what it is fundamentalism, it is useful to identify some of its main characteristics:
1. Absolutism
A fundamental characteristic of fundamentalism is its tendency towards absolutism. Fundamentalists tend to believe that they have the only valid truth and that any different way of thinking is erroneous or even evil. This absolute certainty in their ideals leads them to reject any type of dialogue or debate with those who do not share their points of view.
2. Dogmatism
Integralism is characterized by marked dogmatism. Their beliefs are based on immovable principles and on literal or rigid interpretations of sacred or ideological texts. This dogmatic rigidity prevents any type of adaptation or evolution in the way of thinking, which leads to inflexible and intolerant positions.
3. Fanaticism
Fundamentalism is usually associated with fanaticism, which manifests itself in extreme attitudes and the willingness to resort to violence or coercion to impose their ideas. Fundamentalists can justify unjust or inhuman actions in the name of their beliefs, which can have devastating consequences at both the individual and social levels.
4. Intolerance
Intolerance is another distinctive characteristic of fundamentalism. Fundamentalists are incapable of accepting diversity of opinions, beliefs or lifestyles, and tend to discriminate or persecute those who do not conform to their standards. This lack of tolerance towards difference is a source of conflict and division in society.
5. Authoritarianism
Integralism tends to favor authoritarian and hierarchical structures, where a charismatic leader or an elite group holds power and establishes the rules to follow. Blind obedience and submission to authority are fundamental values in this type of thinking, which limits individual autonomy and freedom.
Impact of fundamentalism on society
Fundamentalism , by promoting intolerance, fanaticism and violence, has a negative impact on society in various dimensions:
1. Polarization
Integralism contributes to social polarization by dividing the population into antagonistic groups with irreconcilable positions. This polarization makes dialogue and cooperation between different sectors of society difficult, generating constant conflicts and tensions.
2. Violence and conflict
Fundamentalism can lead to acts of violence and conflict, both at the individual and collective level. The justification of violence in the name of fundamentalist beliefs leads to situations of confrontation and suffering, which can have disastrous consequences for the people and communities affected.
3. Social regression
Integralism is usually associated with conservative and reactionary positions that oppose social, political or cultural progress. This resistance to change and the evolution of society can slow down development and perpetuate obsolete or harmful practices for the well-being of the population in general.
4. Limitation of rights and freedoms
Fundamentalisms usually promote the imposition of restrictive norms that limit freedom of expression, cultural diversity, individual autonomy and other fundamental rights. This restriction of rights and freedoms is incompatible with the principles of a democratic and pluralistic society.
Conclusions
In summary, fundamentalism is an extremist and dogmatic form of thought that is characterized by its intolerance, its authoritarianism and its propensity for violence and fanaticism. This way of thinking, which is manifested in various areas of social, political and cultural life, has a negative impact on society by promoting division, conflict and the limitation of rights and freedoms.
It is It is important to promote dialogue, tolerance and respect for diversity to counteract the harmful effects of fundamentalism and build a more just, inclusive and respectful society of human rights.
Therefore, it is essential to promote education, knowledge and critical reflection as tools to prevent and combat fundamentalist attitudes that threaten peaceful coexistence and the sustainable development of communities.