Introjection is a fundamental concept in psychology that refers to the process by which a person adopts the attributes, characteristics, values or norms of another person into his or her own identity. This defense mechanism, first identified by Sigmund Freud, plays a crucial role in the development of personality and the formation of an individual's self-image.
Characteristics of introjection
Introjection involves the internalization of specific aspects of another person into one's own being. This process can be conscious or unconscious, and occurs gradually over time as a person assimilates the qualities of those around them. Some of the main characteristics of introjection are the following:
1. Identification with the other
Introjection involves identifying with another person and adopting their characteristics, qualities or beliefs as your own. This can occur with authority figures, role models, or significant people in one's life.
2. Unconscious process
In many cases, introjection occurs unconsciously, which means that the person is not fully aware of assimilating the attributes of another person into their own identity. This mechanism may be influenced by past experiences, repressed emotions or internal conflicts.
3. Adaptation of norms and values
Introjection is not limited to individual characteristics, but can also involve the adoption of social norms, cultural values, or ideological beliefs of others. This can influence the way a person perceives the world and relates to others.
4. Impact on self-image
Introjection can have a significant impact on an individual's self-image and self-esteem. By adopting the traits of others, the person may experience internal conflicts, insecurities, or difficulties distinguishing their own identity from that of others.
Examples of introjection
To better understand how it works introjection in practice, it is useful to analyze some concrete examples:
1. Child imitating a significant adult
A common example of introjection is when a child imitates the behavior, attitudes, or words of a significant adult in his or her life, such as a parent, teacher, or older sibling. . The child may unconsciously adopt personality traits or values from that authority figure.
2. Adolescent who adopts society's beauty standards
In adolescence, many young people can experience introjection by adopting the beauty standards imposed by society through the media, social networks or relationships. This can lead to body image problems or low self-esteem.
3. Professional who internalizes work expectations
In the workplace, a professional can experience introjection by internalizing the expectations, demands or values of his or her company's corporate culture. This can influence the way the person perceives themselves and how they relate to their colleagues and superiors.
4. Person who assimilates religious beliefs from their family environment
An individual can experience introjection by adopting the religious beliefs, moral values or spiritual traditions of their family or cultural environment. This internalization of norms can influence the person's personal identity and ethical decisions.
Conclusion
In summary, introjection is a complex psychological process that is part of the development of the identity and personality of an individual. By adopting the attributes, values and norms of other people into their own identity, the person can experience significant changes in their self-image and in their way of relating to the world. Understanding this defense mechanism can contribute to greater self-knowledge and more conscious personal growth.