Lactose intolerance is a common gastrointestinal condition that affects many people around the world. It is characterized by the inability to digest lactose, which is the sugar present in milk and dairy products. This condition can cause a variety of unpleasant symptoms, such as bloating, gas, diarrhea, and upset stomach. In this article we will explore what lactose intolerance is, its types and the possible causes of this condition.
What is lactose intolerance?
Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose, the sugar present in milk and dairy products. Lactose is broken down in the small intestine by an enzyme called lactase, which splits it into glucose and galactose so it can be absorbed by the body. People with lactose intolerance have a lactase deficiency, which makes it difficult to break down lactose and causes unpleasant digestive symptoms.
Types of lactose intolerance
There are several types of lactose intolerance, which are classified based on the underlying cause of lactase deficiency:
Primary lactose intolerance:
This type of lactose intolerance Lactose is the most common and develops over time as people age. As we age, it is normal for our lactase levels to decrease, which can lead to symptoms of lactose intolerance in adulthood.
Secondary lactose intolerance:
The Secondary lactose intolerance occurs as a result of injury to the small intestine, such as an infection, inflammatory bowel disease, or abdominal surgery. These conditions can damage the cells that produce lactase, leading to a temporary deficiency of this enzyme and the appearance of symptoms of lactose intolerance.
Congenital lactose intolerance:
Congenital lactose intolerance is a rare condition that is due to the complete absence of lactase from birth. Babies with this disorder show symptoms of lactose intolerance from breastfeeding and must be fed with special formulas that do not contain lactose.
Causes of lactose intolerance
Intolerance Lactose intolerance can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
Genetic factors:
Lactose intolerance can have a genetic component, meaning that people with A family history of lactose intolerance may have a higher risk of developing this condition. Some populations, such as Asians, Africans, Greeks, and Italians, also have a higher prevalence of lactose intolerance compared to others.
Diseases of the small intestine:
Diseases that affect to the small intestine, such as celiac disease, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis, can damage the cells that produce lactase, leading to decreased levels of this enzyme and the development of lactose intolerance.
Intestinal injuries:
Injuries to the small intestine due to abdominal surgeries, gastrointestinal infections, or treatment with radiation therapy can also cause a temporary lactase deficiency and lead to symptoms of lactose intolerance.
Symptoms of lactose intolerance
Symptoms of lactose intolerance can vary in severity depending on the amount of lactose consumed and each person's individual tolerance. Some of the most common symptoms include:
- Diarrhea
- Flatulence
- Abdominal pain
- Swelling
- Nausea
These symptoms usually appear within the first few hours after consuming foods or drinks containing lactose and can last several hours or even days.
Diagnosis of nausea lactose intolerance
The diagnosis of lactose intolerance is based on a combination of the patient's medical history, reported symptoms, and specific tests to evaluate the body's ability to digest lactose. Some commonly used tests include:
Hydrogen exhalation test:
This test measures the amount of hydrogen in a person's breath after drinking a lactose solution. An increase in hydrogen levels in your breath may indicate that the body is not breaking down lactose properly.
Lactose tolerance test:
In this test, A specific amount of lactose is administered and blood glucose measurements are made to determine how the body processes this substance. High blood glucose levels after consuming lactose may indicate lactose intolerance.
Lactose intolerance test with intestinal biopsy:
In some cases, it may be performed An intestinal biopsy to check for the presence of lactase in the small intestine. A decrease in lactase levels can confirm the diagnosis of lactose intolerance.
Treatment of lactose intolerance
Treatment of lactose intolerance consists of reducing or eliminate the amount of lactose in the diet to minimize digestive symptoms. Some strategies that may help people with lactose intolerance include:
- Consume lactose-free dairy products
- Use lactase supplements before consuming foods containing lactose
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- Opt for plant-based alternatives to dairy products, such as almond, soy or coconut milks
- Consult a dietitian or nutritionist for guidance on eating a balanced lactose-free diet
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In some cases, doctors may prescribe medications that help digest lactose or relieve digestive symptoms associated with lactose intolerance.
Conclusion
Lactose intolerance is a common condition that affects many people around the world. It is characterized by the inability to digest lactose, the sugar present in milk and dairy products. There are different types of lactose intolerance, each with its own underlying causes. Diagnosis of this condition is based on a combination of the patient's medical history, reported symptoms, and specific tests to evaluate the body's ability to digest lactose. Treatment of lactose intolerance involves dietary adjustments and, in some cases, the use of medications to relieve symptoms. Consulting a health professional is essential to receive an accurate diagnosis and an appropriate treatment plan to control the symptoms of lactose intolerance.