The way in which mental disorders are expressed and perceived can vary significantly from one culture to another. In this article, we will explore the differences in the expression of mental disorders between the West and Japan, examining how cultural, social and historical factors influence the way these disorders are approached and interpreted in each context.
Cultural and Social Context
To understand the differences in the expression of mental disorders between the West and Japan, it is essential to consider the cultural and social context in which they occur. develop these perceptions. In the West, the conception of mental health has been influenced by Greek and Roman medical traditions, as well as by the influence of modern psychology and psychiatry.
In contrast, in Japan, beliefs and Practices related to mental health have been shaped by Buddhist tradition, Confucianism and Shintoism, as well as by the influence of family and community structures in Japanese society. These cultural and social frameworks influence the way mental disorders are understood and addressed in each context.
Stigma and Social Perception
One of the main differences in the expression of Mental disorders between the West and Japan is related to the stigma and social perception associated with mental health problems. In many Western societies, there has been active work to destigmatize mental disorders and promote acceptance and understanding of these conditions.
On the other hand, in Japan, mental disorders continue to be surrounded by a high level of stigma and shame. Japanese culture values social harmony and conformity, which can make it difficult to openly express mental health issues. Those who suffer from mental disorders in Japan may face discrimination and social rejection, which leads them to hide their difficulties and not seek professional help.
Manifestations of Mental Disorders
In addition to social stigma, differences in the expression of mental disorders between the West and Japan are also manifested in the way these disorders are presented in each culture. For example, the symptoms of depression can be expressed differently in each context.
Depression
In the West, depression is commonly characterized by symptoms such as deep sadness, lack of interest in previously enjoyed activities, changes in appetite and sleep, and recurring thoughts of death or suicide. These symptoms are often recognized and treated as signs of clinical depression.
In Japan, depression can manifest differently due to differences in the cultural conception of this condition. Instead of openly expressing sadness or discouragement, individuals in Japan may present physical symptoms such as headaches, fatigue, and gastrointestinal disorders. These somatic symptoms can make the diagnosis of depression difficult in Japan, as they focus on physical manifestations rather than emotional ones.
Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders can also manifest differently in the West and in Japan. In Western societies, anxiety disorders are often related to symptoms such as panic attacks, constant worry, specific phobias, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. These symptoms are recognized as manifestations of an anxiety disorder and are treated with cognitive behavioral therapies and psychiatric medications.
In Japan, anxiety disorders may be less recognized due to the tendency to express emotional distress in a more reserved manner. Anxiety symptoms can be interpreted as signs of personal weakness or lack of self-discipline, making it difficult to seek professional help for these disorders.
Treatment and Addressing Mental Disorders
Another area in which significant differences in the expression of mental disorders are observed between the West and Japan is in the treatment and approach of these conditions. The availability of mental health services, the therapeutic approaches used and the accessibility of care are aspects that vary between both cultures.
Access to Medical Care
In the West, it has been worked to increase awareness of mental disorders and ensure equitable access to health care in this area. There are health insurance systems that cover the treatment of mental health problems, as well as a wide range of mental health professionals available to diagnose and treat these conditions.
In Japan, access to care Medical coverage in the area of mental health may be more limited, especially in rural areas. There is a shortage of psychiatrists and clinical psychologists, making it difficult for people to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment for their mental disorders. Additionally, the social stigma associated with mental health may discourage people from seeking professional help.
Therapeutic Approaches
Therapeutic approaches used in the treatment of mental disorders may also differ between West and Japan. While the West emphasizes cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal therapy, and the use of psychiatric medications, in Japan there are more traditional therapeutic approaches that incorporate practices such as meditation, mindfulness, and full attention.
These differences in therapeutic approaches may reflect cultural conceptions of mental health in each society, as well as patients' individual preferences regarding treatment. It is important to recognize that there is no single therapeutic approach that is effective for all individuals, and the choice of treatment must be tailored to the needs and beliefs of each person.
Conclusions
In In summary, differences in the expression of mental disorders between the West and Japan reflect the complexities of the interactions between culture, society, and mental health. Social stigma, manifestations of mental disorders, and treatment of these conditions vary significantly in each context, highlighting the importance of considering cultural differences when addressing mental health problems on a global level.
By recognizing and respecting the different ways in which mental disorders are expressed in various cultures, we can move towards a more inclusive and comprehensive approach to mental health that addresses the needs and challenges of all individuals, regardless of their cultural or social background. .