The neck is a part of the human body that contains multiple important structures, including muscles. These play a crucial role in head and neck mobility, as well as the stability of the cervical spine. In this article, we will explore the different types of muscles found in the neck, their location, characteristics and specific functions.
Type of Neck Muscles
External Superficial Muscles
The muscles of the neck can be divided into two main categories: external and deep. The superficial external muscles are visible to the naked eye and are located on the front and side of the neck. These muscles include the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius. The sternocleidomastoid is a long, thick muscle that extends from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process of the skull. It is responsible for rotation and flexion of the neck. On the other hand, the trapezius is a large, flat muscle that extends from the nape of the neck to the upper back. It helps stabilize and elevate the shoulders, as well as rotate the scapula.
Deep Muscles
The deep muscles of the neck lie beneath the superficial external muscles and play a role crucial in the stability and movement of the cervical spine. Some of the most important deep muscles include the long muscles of the head and neck, such as the longus colli, rectus capitis lateralis, and rectus capitis posterioris. These muscles work together to maintain proper posture of the head and neck, as well as to allow for smooth, coordinated movements.
Location of the Neck Muscles
The muscles of the neck They are distributed along the upper part of the trunk, connecting the head to the torso. On the front of the neck, the sternocleidomastoid is the most prominent muscle, extending diagonally from the collarbone and breastbone to behind the ear. At the back of the neck, the trapezius extends from the base of the skull to the spine and scapula.
In addition to these superficial muscles, essential muscles for support are found in the deep region of the neck. and the mobility of the cervical spine, such as the multifidus complex and the long neck complex. These muscles extend along the cervical spine and help maintain proper posture, as well as control neck movements.
Characteristics of the Neck Muscles
Sternocleidomastoid
The sternocleidomastoid is a long, fusiform muscle found in the anterior part of the neck. Its name comes from the insertion points on the sternum, clavicle, and mastoid process of the skull. This muscle has the ability to flex the head forward, rotate it laterally and bring it to the side.
Trapezius
The trapezius is a large, triangular muscle that covers the upper part of the back and neck. It originates at the base of the skull and in the cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae, extending downward to the scapula and clavicle. The trapezius has the function of raising and lowering the shoulders, as well as rotating and retracting the scapula.
Functions of the Neck Muscles
Stabilization of the Cervical Spine
One of the main roles of the neck muscles is the stabilization of the cervical spine. These muscles work together to maintain the proper position of the head and neck in relation to the trunk, which contributes to proper posture and prevention of injuries.
Head and Neck Movements
The neck muscles are responsible for a wide range of head and neck movements. From flexion and extension to rotation and lateral inclination, these muscles allow for smooth and precise movements, both in everyday activities and in more complex movements.
Head Support
Due to the weight of the head, which on average is around 5-6 kg, the neck muscles play a crucial role in supporting this structure. By keeping the head in a balanced position on the spine, the neck muscles prevent injury and provide stability during various physical activities.
Conclusions
In summary, the neck muscles play a fundamental role in the mobility, stability and support of the head and neck. From the superficial external muscles such as the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius, to the deep muscles that work together to maintain proper posture, each of them performs specific functions that are essential for the proper functioning of the neck.
It is important to care for and strengthen the neck muscles through stretching and strengthening exercises, as well as maintaining proper posture in daily activities to prevent possible injuries. With a deeper knowledge about the muscles of the neck, we can better understand their importance and the impact they have on our overall health and well-being.