Nonverbal learning disorder (NVLD) is a little-known condition but it can have a significant impact on the lives of those who suffer from it. Unlike other learning disorders, such as dyslexia or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), NLD primarily affects the ability to understand and process non-verbal information, which can make communication, social interaction, and social interaction more difficult. and academic performance. In this article, we will explore in detail what non-verbal learning disorder is, what its symptoms are and how this condition can be addressed effectively.
¿ What is non-verbal learning disorder?
Non-verbal learning disorder, also known as NVLD or NVLD (Non-Verbal Learning Disability), is a neuropsychological condition that affects the ability of non-verbal information processing in people who suffer from it. Although people with NVLD usually have an IQ within the average range or above, they have significant difficulties in areas such as spatial perception, motor coordination, understanding gestures and facial expressions, and interpreting non-verbal language.
NVLD is believed to be related to a subtype of neurodevelopmental disorder, where an imbalance occurs in the functioning of brain structures involved in the processing of non-verbal information. Although NLD is not officially recognized in some learning disorder classification systems, such as the DSM-5, there is increasing scientific evidence supporting its existence as a unique clinical entity.
Characteristics of nonverbal learning disorder
People with NVLD may present with a variety of characteristics and symptoms that affect their daily functioning in different areas. Some of the most common manifestations of NVLD include:
- Difficulty interpreting and remembering visual and spatial information, such as maps or graphs.
- Problems understanding verbal directions that require inferences or understanding of context.
- Deficits in visuospatial perception and coordination, which can manifest in difficulties playing sports or carrying out activities that require precise motor skills.
- Limitations in the ability to interpret non-verbal signals, such as facial expressions, tone of voice and gestures, which can lead to misunderstandings in social situations.
- Tendency to be literal in the interpretation of language and difficulty understanding metaphors or sarcasm.
- Above average verbal ability, with good vocabulary and reading skills, but difficulties in understanding information presented non-verbally.
What are the Symptoms of non-verbal learning disorder?
Non-verbal learning disorder can manifest itself in various ways, and the symptoms can vary depending on the age and level of development of the affected person. Below are some of the most common symptoms that may be associated with NVLD:
In infancy and early childhood
In younger children, NVLD can manifest through difficulties in the development of gross and fine motor skills, as well as in social interaction and non-verbal communication. Some symptoms that may be indicative of NVLD in childhood include:
- Difficulty learning to crawl, walk, or perform activities that require motor coordination.
- Problems following instructions involve spatial movements, such as arranging objects or building structures.
- Rejection or avoidance of eye contact and difficulties interpreting the facial expressions of others.
- Advanced verbal language, but limitations in understanding complex instructions or abstract concepts.
In childhood and adolescence
As children with NVLD grow, they may present additional symptoms related to academic demands and more complex social conditions in their environment. Some common symptoms in childhood and adolescence are:
- Difficulties in mathematics, especially in areas that require understanding of spatial concepts, such as geometry.
- Problems interpreting maps, graphics and other visual elements in the classroom.
- Deficits in the perception of irony, sarcasm and other forms of non-literal language.
- Social isolation or difficulties establishing and maintaining relationships of friendship.
- Social anxiety and stress in new or unfamiliar situations.
In adulthood
In adulthood, people with NVLD may face challenges in the workplace, education, and social settings, which can impact their emotional well-being and overall quality of life. Some common symptoms in adulthood include:
- Difficulty navigating new environments or following directions that involve spatial representations, such as maps or diagrams.
- Problems interpreting non-specific signals. verbal in work or social contexts, which can lead to misunderstandings or conflicts.
- Challenges in the planning and organization of tasks, as well as in the management of time and resources.
- Use of compensatory strategies, such as writing detailed instructions or preferring written instead of verbal communication.
- Anxiety or depression related to difficulties adapting to social or work demands.
Diagnosis and treatment of NVLD
The diagnosis of non-verbal learning disorder can be complex due to the lack of awareness about this condition and the overlap of symptoms with other neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder or ADHD. However, it is essential to have a thorough evaluation by mental health and specialized education professionals to determine if a person has NVLD and what are the best intervention strategies to follow.
Evaluation and diagnosis
The evaluation of NVLD usually involves detailed collection of medical and educational history, psychometric testing, clinical observation, and interviews with the individual and their immediate environment. Some of the tests and tools that can be used in the NVLD evaluation process include:
- Evaluation of IQ to rule out intellectual disabilities.
- Visuospatial and motor skills tests , such as the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Copy Test.
- Evaluation of receptive and expressive language, as well as the understanding of verbal and non-verbal instructions.
- Interviews with parents , teachers and other significant people in the individual's life to collect information about their functioning in different contexts.
Intervention and treatment
Once the diagnosis of NVLD is made, It is essential to implement intervention strategies adapted to the specific needs of the individual. Although there is no curative treatment for NVLD, different approaches and techniques can be used to improve the cognitive, social and emotional skills of the affected person. Some common intervention strategies include:
- Social and communication skills training, with emphasis on interpreting non-verbal cues and developing coping strategies in social situations.
- Individualized educational support, which may include modifications to the learning environment, curricular adaptations, and specialized teaching techniques.
- Occupational therapy and physical therapy to improve motor coordination and visual-motor skills.
- Training in organization, planning and problem-solving strategies, which can help compensate for difficulties in spatial perception and task execution.
- Psychological therapy and emotional support to address anxiety, low self-esteem and other emotional problems related to NVLD.
Conclusions
In summary, non-verbal learning disorder is a neuropsychological condition that affects the ability to process non-verbal information in people who suffer from it. Although NVLD is not as widely recognized as other learning disorders, such as dyslexia or ADHD, its impact on the daily functioning and quality of life of affected individuals should not be underestimated.
The diagnosis Early treatment and treatment of NVLD are essential to help people develop coping strategies and improve their cognitive, social and emotional skills. Through a multidisciplinary approach involving mental health, special education and occupational therapy professionals, it is possible to offer comprehensive support to people with NVLD and help them reach their full potential.