Autism is a developmental disorder that affects a person's communication, social interaction, and behavior. Within the autism spectrum, there is a specific form known as regressive autism. This type of autism is characterized by a period of apparently normal development followed by a significant loss of previously acquired skills. In this article, we will explore in depth the symptoms, causes, and treatment options of regressive autism.
Symptoms of Regressive Autism
Symptoms Regressive autism usually manifests itself between 15 and 24 months of age, although in some cases it may appear later. Some of the most common signs include:
Loss of Skills
One of the most distinctive symptoms of regressive autism is the loss of skills that had previously been developed. This may include loss of speech, the ability to communicate effectively, fine or gross motor skills, as well as regression in language use.
Communication Problems
The Children with regressive autism may show difficulty maintaining or making eye contact, responding to their name, using gestures to communicate, or participating in interactive games with other children.
Repetitive Behaviors
As in Other types of autism, children with regressive autism may engage in repetitive or restrictive behaviors, such as rocking, spinning, obsessing over certain objects, or developing fixed routines that cause anxiety when disturbed.
Sensory Problems
Some children with regressive autism may be sensitive to sensory stimuli such as noise, light, touch or taste, which can cause intense or unusual reactions.
Causes of Regressive Autism
Although there is no definitive cause of regressive autism, experts believe that both genetic and environmental factors may play a role in its development. Some possible causes include:
Genetic Factors
It has been found that certain genetic variations may be associated with an increased risk of autism, including regressive autism. These genetic mutations can affect brain development and communication between nerve cells, contributing to the symptoms seen in autism.
Environmental Factors
Exposure to certain environmental factors during pregnancy or in the first years of life has also been linked to an increased risk of developing regressive autism. These factors may include exposure to toxins, viral infections, complications during childbirth, or maternal health problems.
Abnormalities in Brain Development
Neurobiological studies have shown that children with autism , including those with regressive autism, may have abnormalities in brain development. These structural or functional differences may contribute to the difficulties in communication, information processing, and social interaction seen in autism.
Diagnosis and Evaluation
The diagnosis of autism Regressive autism is based on observation of the child's symptoms and developmental history. Health professionals, such as psychologists, pediatricians, neurologists, or occupational therapists, can conduct a comprehensive evaluation that includes developmental testing, behavioral observation, and interviews with parents or caregivers.
Developmental Testing
Developmental tests, such as the M-CHAT (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers), can help identify early signs of regressive autism. These assessments typically include observing the child's social interaction, language, communication, and play.
Behavioral Assessment
Autism specialists may conduct behavioral assessments. to observe the presence of stereotypies, communication problems, social interaction, repetitive behaviors or sensory restrictions that are characteristic of regressive autism.
Interviews with Parents
Interviews with parents or caregivers They are essential for gathering information about the child's prior development, behavior patterns, communication skills, and any concerns you may have about your child. This information helps professionals get a complete picture of the child's situation.
Treatment of Regressive Autism
Treatment of regressive autism focuses on addressing symptoms and improving quality. life of the child and his family. Being a complex and heterogeneous disorder, the therapeutic approach is usually individualized and multidisciplinary, combining different strategies and therapies. Some treatment options include:
Behavioral Therapy
Behavioral therapy, such as applied behavior analysis (ABA) therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy, focuses on changing problem behaviors. , improve social and communication skills and reduce stereotypical behaviors.
Speech and Language Therapy
Children with regressive autism who have experienced a loss of speech or communication skills may benefit from speech and language therapy. This therapy helps improve verbal and non-verbal communication, facilitating social interaction and the expression of thoughts and emotions.
Occupational Therapy
Occupational therapy focuses on improving motor skills fine and gross, promote autonomy in activities of daily living and manage sensory problems that may interfere with the child's well-being.
Educational Interventions
Educational interventions, such as teaching Structured education, individualized support in the classroom, and the use of assistive technologies can help children with regressive autism develop academic, social, and adaptive skills in an inclusive environment.
Importance of Early Detection
Early detection of regressive autism is essential to initiate effective interventions and improve the child's long-term outcomes. Parents and caregivers should be alert for any signs of regression in their child's development, such as loss of speech, lack of interest in interactive play, or changes in behavior.
Early Intervention
Early intervention, which may include specialized therapies, educational support, and behavior management strategies, can help reduce the symptoms of regressive autism, improve communication and social interaction skills, and foster the child's autonomy.
Family Participation
The active participation of the family in the diagnosis and treatment process is essential to provide an environment of support and understanding to the child with regressive autism. Working together with health professionals and educators can improve the quality of life of the entire family.
Conclusions
Regressive autism is a particular form of autism that is characterized by a loss of previously acquired skills after a period of apparently normal development. Although the exact causes of this disorder are unclear, the importance of identifying and addressing symptoms through a comprehensive and personalized therapeutic approach is recognized.
Early diagnosis, early intervention and ongoing support For both the child and their family, they are essential to improve the quality of life and promote the positive development of children with regressive autism. With the advancement of research and specialized therapies, there is hope in improving the prospects and opportunities of these individuals in the future.