Perfectionism—relentlessly striving for unattainable standards—is often seen as harmless, even desirable. However, for many young people, it can become a heavy burden, impacting their emotional well-being, relationships, and academic performance. In today’s highly competitive world, perfectionism can fuel anxiety, depression, and even eating disorders. But what if technology could help tackle this issue? This is where artificial intelligence (AI) steps in as an unexpected ally in addressing the challenges of perfectionism.
The Promise of Artificial Intelligence in Therapy
A recent study ventured into new territory: exploring the use of AI as a "virtual coach" in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions designed to combat perfectionism in university students. In a world where digital technologies are already transforming education, communication, and work, why not leverage them to enhance mental health as well?
The approach involved a self-help program based on interactive modules designed specifically to address perfectionism. Participants received a manual consisting of 11 modules, covering topics such as identifying perfectionistic thoughts and designing behavioral experiments to challenge these beliefs. The groundbreaking aspect of this program was that participants could use AI tools like ChatGPT to seek personalized guidance throughout the process. These tools provided responses to questions such as: *"How can I reduce my self-criticism when I make mistakes?"* or *"What strategies can I use to overcome the fear of not meeting expectations?"*
The Results: A Promising Success or a Missed Opportunity?
The results of the study were mixed but revealing. On the one hand, most young people who used AI for support found it helpful, highlighting several advantages. Accessibility was one of the most frequently mentioned strengths: AI was available anytime, breaking down barriers of scheduling or location that often hinder access to traditional therapy. Additionally, many appreciated the confidentiality offered by interacting with a machine rather than a human therapist.
On the other hand, some participants expressed reservations. The lack of emotional personalization was a significant challenge. While AI can generate quick and practical responses, it often fails to capture the emotional nuances that a human therapist might address. Moreover, some participants noted that using AI required crafting very specific questions, which could be challenging for those unfamiliar with this type of technology.
A Shift in Attitudes Toward AI
One of the most intriguing findings was the shift in perception of AI. At the start of the study, only 8% of participants preferred AI as a form of support compared to other options, such as scheduled human support or automated reminders. However, after experiencing AI throughout the program, that number rose significantly to 36%. This suggests that familiarity with technology can play a crucial role in its acceptance and use.
AI: A Tool or a Substitute for Human Therapy?
The central question posed by this study is whether AI can serve as a viable substitute for traditional therapy or whether it should be viewed solely as a complement. The results indicate that while AI did not directly improve psychological outcomes more than self-help without support, it holds great potential as a support tool.
In many cases, AI can act as a bridge for individuals who, due to economic, social, or geographic reasons, cannot access a human therapist. It can also be beneficial for those who feel intimidated by the idea of opening up emotionally to another person. However, it is important to recognize the limitations of this technology. AI, no matter how advanced, cannot replace the empathy, clinical judgment, or adaptability that characterize a human therapist.
Looking Ahead: Democratizing Mental Health
The potential of AI in therapy is not limited to perfectionism. This technology has the power to revolutionize access to mental health care more broadly. In a world where demand for psychological services far exceeds the availability of professionals, AI could be a scalable and accessible solution to reach more people.
Of course, there is still much to learn. This study is just a first step on a path that requires broader and deeper investigations. It will be crucial to better understand how different groups respond to AI, how to optimize tools to address a variety of mental health disorders, and how to combine technology with more traditional approaches.
Author: Psicólogo Ignacio Calvo