Trace elements are essential chemical elements for the proper functioning of our body. Despite being needed in very small quantities, its presence is essential to maintain health and metabolic balance. In this article, we will explore what trace elements are, their characteristics, types and functions in the human body.
What are trace elements?
Trace elements, also known as trace elements, are those chemical elements that are found in minimal quantities in the body, but are essential for the correct functioning of biological processes. These elements are necessary to carry out various functions, such as enzyme activation, oxygen transport, protein synthesis and protection against oxidative stress.
In total, around 24 trace elements are recognized that are necessary for life, among which are iron, zinc, copper, selenium, manganese, among others. Despite being needed in very small quantities, its absence or deficiency can have negative consequences for health and well-being.
Characteristics of trace elements
Trace elements are characterized by their presence in small amounts in the body, generally in milligrams or even micrograms. Although its presence is minimal, its importance is vital for the correct functioning of numerous biological processes. These elements are absorbed through the diet, mainly from foods of animal and plant origin.
Trace elements act as enzymatic cofactors, that is, they participate in the activation of enzymes that are essential to carry out carry out specific metabolic reactions. In addition, some trace elements have antioxidant functions, protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Types of trace elements
There are several types of trace elements, each with specific functions in the body. organism. Some of the most important trace elements include:
Iron
Iron is an essential trace element for the synthesis of hemoglobin, the protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood. Iron deficiency can lead to anemia, fatigue and weakness.
Zinc
Zinc is important for the immune system, wound healing, protein synthesis and metabolism. Carbohydrates. It also plays a role in skin health and in the perception of taste and smell.
Copper
Copper participates in the formation of connective tissue, the absorption of iron, nervous system function and energy production. In addition, it acts as an enzymatic cofactor in numerous metabolic reactions.
Selenium
Selenium is an important antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative damage. It is also necessary for proper thyroid function and the immune system.
Manganese
Manganese participates in various enzymatic reactions, especially in energy production and the formation of bone tissue . In addition, this trace element is important for the development and maintenance of connective and cartilaginous tissues.
Functions of trace elements
Trace elements perform a variety of functions in the body, being essential for the maintenance of health and metabolic balance. Some of the most important functions of trace elements are:
Participation in enzymatic reactions
Trace elements act as enzymatic cofactors, that is, they are necessary for the activation and functioning of various enzymes. that catalyze specific metabolic reactions. Without these trace elements, many of these reactions could not be carried out effectively.
Oxygen transport
Iron is essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin, the molecule responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissues of the body. Without iron, oxygen-carrying capacity is compromised, which can lead to symptoms of fatigue and weakness.
Antioxidant function
Some trace elements, such as selenium and zinc, They act as antioxidants that protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. These reactive compounds can damage cells and contribute to aging and chronic diseases.
Regulation of the immune system
Several trace elements, such as zinc and copper, are important for the immune system. correct functioning of the immune system. These elements participate in the immune response and in the body's defense against pathogens and toxins.
Participation in metabolism
Trace elements play a crucial role in the metabolism of nutrients, such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Some of these elements are necessary for the activation of enzymes that participate in the digestion and absorption of nutrients in the body.
Conclusion
In summary, trace elements are essential chemical elements for the body. correct functioning of numerous biological processes in the body. Despite being needed in minimal quantities, its importance is fundamental to maintaining health and metabolic balance. Deficiency of trace elements can have negative consequences for health, so it is important to maintain a balanced diet that ensures an adequate supply of these essential elements.
We hope that this article has provided an overview of what they are. trace elements, their characteristics, types and functions in the human body.