Authority is a fundamental concept in psychology and sociology, which influences the dynamics of family relationships and the structure of society as a whole. Throughout history, different types of authority have been identified that manifest themselves differently in different contexts. In this article, we will explore the 12 most relevant types of authority, both in the family environment and in society in general.
1. Traditional Authority
Traditional authority is based on cultural heritage and the transmission of roles and norms through generations. In this type of authority, respect for hierarchy and obedience to authority figures established by tradition, such as parents, grandparents or community leaders, are emphasized.
Characteristics:
- Passed from generation to generation.
- Emphasis on obedience and respect for authority.
- Clearly defined hierarchy.
2 . Charismatic Authority
Charismatic authority is based on the personal qualities and charisma of the individual who exercises power. This form of authority is characterized by the leader's ability to inspire and motivate others through his or her charismatic personality and magnetic character.
Characteristics:
- Based on charisma and personal power.
- Ability to inspire and motivate others.
- Usually arises in times of crisis or change.
3. Rational-Legal Authority
Rational-legal authority is based on rules, laws and regulations established by an institution or legal system. In this type of authority, emphasis is placed on compliance with norms and the legitimacy of power through established procedures and rules.
Characteristics:
- Based on Established laws and regulations.
- Emphasis on rationality and legality.
- Legitimacy through formal procedures.
4. Paternalistic Authority
Paternalistic authority focuses on the care and protection of subordinates by the authority figure. This type of authority is characterized by a balance between paternal guidance and the exercise of power, with the objective of ensuring the well-being of others.
Characteristics:
- Care and protection of subordinates.
- Balance between paternal guidance and authority.
- Interest in the well-being of others.
5. Bureaucratic Authority
Bureaucratic authority is based on the organization and hierarchical structure of an institution. In this type of authority, a set of established rules and procedures are followed for decision-making and the exercise of power within the organization.
Characteristics:
- Organization and clear hierarchical structure.
- Following established rules and procedures.
- Decision based on position within the organization.
6. Characteristic Authority
Characteristic authority is based on the personal qualities and character of the individual as a source of power. In this case, authority is derived from individual characteristics that inspire trust, respect and admiration in others.
Characteristics:
- Based on the personal qualities of the individual.
- Builds trust, respect and admiration.
- Focuses on the unique characteristics of the leader.
7. Expert Authority
Expert authority is based on knowledge, experience and competence in a specific area. In this type of authority, the individual's expertise is recognized as a source of power and authority is granted based on his or her knowledge and skills.
Characteristics:
- Based on knowledge and experience.
- Recognition of the individual's competence and skills.
- Authority granted based on expertise in a specific area.
8. Informal Authority
Informal authority is not derived from a formal position or position, but rather arises from the influence and recognition that a person acquires within a social group. In this type of authority, the person exercises power in an unofficial but significant way in the group.
Characteristics:
- It is not based on a formal position.
- It arises from influence and recognition within a group.
- Exercises power in an unofficial but relevant way.
9. Charismatic Characteristic Authority
Charismatic characteristic authority combines the personal qualities and charisma of the individual as a source of power. In this type of authority, the person exerts influence through his or her charismatic character and personal characteristics.
Characteristics:
- Union of personal qualities and charisma.
- Exercise of power through personal influence.
- Focuses on the unique and charismatic characteristics of the individual.
10. Legitimate Authority
Legitimate authority is based on the recognition and acceptance of authority by subordinates. In this type of authority, legitimacy is established through consensus and recognition of the position of power as legitimate and valid.
Characteristics:
- Recognition and acceptance of authority.
- Legitimacy based on consensus and recognition.
- Position of power considered valid by subordinates.
11. Dictatorial Authority
Dictatorial authority is characterized by the exercise of absolute and authoritarian power, without considering the opinion or well-being of subordinates. In this type of authority, the leader imposes his will in a despotistic and controlling manner.
Characteristics:
- Exercise of absolute and authoritarian power.
- Lack of consideration for the opinion of subordinates.
- Imposition of the leader's will in a despotistic manner.
12. Advisory Authority
Advisory authority is based on collaboration and shared decision-making between the leader and subordinates. In this type of authority, the active participation of subordinates in decision-making is valued and dialogue and feedback are encouraged.
Characteristics:
- Collaboration and decision-making Shared decision making.
- Active participation of subordinates in decision making.
- Promotion of dialogue and feedback.
In conclusion, Different types of authority have a significant impact on family relationships and the social structure as a whole. Understanding the nature and characteristics of each type of authority is essential to analyze and improve the power dynamics within the family and society. By recognizing and reflecting on different approaches to authority, we can promote more equitable, respectful and constructive relationships in all areas of life.