In everyday life, we constantly find ourselves in situations where we must make decisions. Some of these decisions are simple, like what to have for breakfast in the morning, while others are more complex, like choosing a career path. Decision making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating options and choosing between different alternatives. There are various types of decisions, each with its own characteristics and associated processes.
Programmed and Non-Programmed Decisions
Programmed decisions:
Programmed decisions are those that are made based on pre-established rules, procedures or policies. These decisions are usually repetitive and have clear and standardized solutions. For example, in a company, renewing supplier contracts may be a programmed decision that is based on specific criteria, such as costs and quality of service.
Non-programmed decisions:
On the other hand, non-programmed decisions are those for which there are no clear rules or procedures. These decisions are unique, have not been faced before, and require a more complex thought process. An example of a non-programmed decision would be the acquisition of a new technology to improve the efficiency of a business process.
Routine and Non-Routine Decisions
Routine decisions:
Routine decisions are those that are made frequently and have a limited impact on the final result. These decisions are usually based on previous experience and intuition. For example, deciding what to eat at a restaurant that we visit regularly.
Non-routine decisions:
In contrast, non-routine decisions are those that are made occasionally and have a significant impact in the final result. These decisions require more detailed analysis and typically involve a higher level of risk. For example, choosing a house to buy would be a non-routine decision.
Immediate and Delayed Decisions
Immediate decisions:
Immediate decisions are those that are They are taken quickly, often in emergency situations or when an immediate response is required. These decisions are usually based on intuition and immediately available information. For example, making a decision about what to do in the event of a sudden fire.
Delay decisions:
In contrast, delay decisions are those that are made after a period of time. of reflection and analysis. These decisions typically involve a more deliberate process and may require the collection of additional information. For example, deciding whether or not to accept a job offer after considering different aspects.
Individual and Group Decisions
Individual decisions:
Individual decisions are those taken by a single person, based on his or her own judgment and criteria. These decisions are quick and may be easier to carry out since they do not require negotiation or consensus with other people. For example, deciding what time to wake up in the morning.
Group decisions:
On the other hand, group decisions are those made by a group of people who collaborate to reach a goal. agreement. These decisions are more complex, as they involve negotiation, communication, and the integration of different points of view. An example of a group decision would be the planning of a team project.
Reversible and Irreversible Decisions
Reversible decisions:
Reversible decisions are those that, once Once taken, they can be undone or modified without much negative impact. These decisions are usually less stressful, since there is the opportunity to correct any errors. For example, changing a restaurant's menu if it is not popular with customers.
Irreversible decisions:
On the other hand, irreversible decisions are those that, once made, cannot be undone. or have a significant impact if reversed. These decisions are often more difficult to make and require careful analysis of the long-term consequences. For example, deciding to move to another country.
Strategic and Operational Decisions
Strategic decisions:
Strategic decisions are those that have a long-term impact on the organization and are related to the formulation of global objectives and plans. These decisions are usually made by managers and senior officials of a company, and require an in-depth analysis of the situation and the possible consequences. For example, launching a new product on the market.
Operational decisions:
Finally, operational decisions are those that are related to the daily execution of an organization's activities. These decisions are usually routine and have a short-term impact on the company's operations. For example, managing the company's inventory or assigning tasks to employees.
In conclusion, decision making is a fundamental process in our lives and in the business environment. Knowing the different types of decisions allows us to better understand how we evaluate options, manage risks and solve problems. Each type of decision presents its own challenges and opportunities, and it is important to develop effective decision-making skills to successfully face the challenges that arise on a daily basis.