Mental illnesses are disorders that affect a person's thinking, emotions, behavior or perception of reality. These conditions can have a significant impact on the daily lives of those who suffer from them, as well as their social, work, and personal relationships. There are a variety of mental illnesses, each with its own specific characteristics and symptoms. In this article, we will explore the 18 most common types of mental illnesses.
Mood Disorders
Mood disorders They are characterized by significant alterations in a person's emotional state. Some of the most common types are:
1. Major Depression
Major depression is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and lack of interest in daily activities. It can interfere with daily functioning and affect the person's quality of life.
2. Bipolar disorder
Bipolar disorder is characterized by episodes of depression and mania. During manic episodes, a person may experience excessive euphoria, impulsivity, and lack of control over their actions.
Anxiety disorders
Anxiety disorders are characterized by intense feelings of anxiety. nervousness, fear and excessive worry. Some examples include:
3. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
GAD is characterized by persistent and excessive anxiety about a wide range of situations and problems. It can interfere with daily functioning and cause physical symptoms such as headaches or gastrointestinal problems.
4. Panic disorder
Panic disorder is characterized by sudden, recurrent panic attacks, accompanied by physical symptoms such as palpitations, sweating, and difficulty breathing.
Personality disorders
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Personality disorders involve patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior that differ significantly from cultural and social expectations. Some types are:
5. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)
BPD is characterized by intense emotional instability, unstable relationships, impulsivity, and a distorted self-image.
6. Schizoid personality disorder
People with this disorder often show a pattern of social isolation, difficulty expressing emotions, and lack of interest in interpersonal relationships.
Eating disorders
Eating disorders are related to an obsessive concern about weight, food, and body image. Some types include:
7. Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by extreme restriction of food intake, intense fear of gaining weight, and a distorted perception of one's own body image.
8. Bulimia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa is characterized by episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors, such as vomiting or excessive use of laxatives. It may be associated with feelings of shame and lack of control.
Psychotic disorders
Psychotic disorders involve a loss of contact with reality, which manifests itself in hallucinations, delusions and thinking disorganized. Some examples are:
9. Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is characterized by symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, emotional flattening, and cognitive difficulties. It can seriously affect a person's daily life.
10. Schizoaffective disorder
This disorder combines symptoms of schizophrenia and mood disorders, such as depression or bipolar disorder. The person may experience episodes of psychosis accompanied by changes in mood.
Sleep disorders
Sleep disorders affect the quality and quantity of night's rest, which can have a significant impact on a person's mental and physical health. Some types include:
11. Insomnia
Insomnia is characterized by difficulties falling asleep, staying asleep, or waking up early in the morning. It may be associated with stress, anxiety or underlying medical conditions.
12. Sleep apnea
Sleep apnea is a disorder in which breathing is repeatedly interrupted during sleep, which can cause daytime sleepiness, irritability, and cognitive difficulties.
Sleep disorders Behavior
Conduct disorders involve patterns of behavior that violate social norms and can cause harm to the person or others. Some examples are:
13. Conduct disorder
Conduct disorder is characterized by aggressive, defiant, or antisocial behaviors that violate the rights of others. It may be associated with behavioral problems in childhood and adolescence.
14. Intermittent explosive disorder
People with this disorder experience episodes of uncontrollable anger and verbal or physical aggression, which are out of proportion to the triggering situation.
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Neurodevelopmental disorders are related to the functioning of the nervous system and can affect learning, behavior and social skills. Some common types are:
15. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD)
ASD is characterized by difficulties in communication, social interaction, and repetitive behavior patterns. It can present a wide variety of symptoms and levels of severity.
16. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
ADHD is characterized by difficulties maintaining attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It can affect academic performance, work performance, and interpersonal relationships.
Somatoform disorders
Somatoform disorders are characterized by physical symptoms that suggest a medical illness, but do not have an underlying medical cause. . Some examples are:
17. Somatization disorder
People with this disorder experience multiple physical symptoms, such as headaches, gastrointestinal problems, or fatigue, that cannot be explained by a specific medical condition.
18. Conversion disorder (hysteria)
This disorder is characterized by the presence of neurological symptoms, such as paralysis or blindness, that have no identifiable medical basis. These symptoms may be related to an underlying emotional or psychological problem.