Workplace harassment, also known as mobbing, is a phenomenon that has existed throughout human history. From ancient times to the present, this problem has affected workers from different sectors and hierarchical levels. Understanding its origin, evolution and the consequences it has on people's health and well-being is essential to address this issue effectively.
History of workplace bullying
Workplace harassment has its roots in the power dynamics that are established in work environments. Throughout history, individuals have used their position of authority to exert control and dominance over others. In ancient times, slaves were subjected to inhumane working conditions and physical and psychological abuse by their masters.
With the rise of the industrial revolution, workplace harassment took on new forms as factories and companies grew in size and complexity. Workers were subjected to long working hours, unhealthy conditions and unfair wages, which created an environment conducive to intimidation and harassment by employers.
In the 20th century, with the consolidation of labor rights and the fight for equality at work, workplace harassment began to be recognized as a problem that affected the dignity and integrity of workers. However, it was not until the late 1980s that the term "mobbing" became popular thanks to the German psychologist Heinz Leymann, who would define it as a process of prolonged psychological harassment at work.
Definition and characteristics of workplace harassment
Workplace harassment, or mobbing, is defined as any abusive, hostile or humiliating behavior that is repeated systematically over time and that aims to harm psychological and emotional integrity. or physical of a worker. This behavior can manifest itself in various ways, such as insults, threats, exclusions, constant criticism, malicious rumors, work sabotage, among others.
One of the most important characteristics of workplace harassment is the persistence and repetition of hostile behavior by an aggressor towards the victim. Mobbing is not an isolated incident, but rather a pattern of behavior that lasts over time and can have devastating consequences for the person who suffers it.
In addition, workplace harassment usually occurs in a context of power imbalance, where the aggressor usually occupies a position of hierarchical superiority with respect to the victim. This makes it difficult for the harassed person to defend themselves or report the situation, since they fear retaliation or negative consequences for their professional career.
Impact of workplace harassment on workers
Workplace harassment has devastating effects on the health and well-being of the workers who suffer from it. Various studies have shown that people exposed to mobbing have a higher risk of suffering from anxiety disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress, insomnia, gastrointestinal problems, among other physical and mental health problems.
In addition, bullying Work can have long-term consequences on people's lives, affecting their self-esteem, their work performance, their interpersonal relationships and their quality of life in general. Many harassed workers experience feelings of loneliness, helplessness, guilt and shame, which can lead them to socially isolate themselves and develop a state of demotivation and hopelessness.
From an organizational point of view, mobbing also has an impact. negative in companies, since it generates a toxic work environment, decreases productivity, increases work absenteeism and affects the reputation of the organization. In addition, workplace harassment can have significant economic costs for companies, derived from legal claims, compensation to affected workers and loss of human talent.
How to prevent and address workplace harassment
Preventing and addressing workplace harassment is the responsibility of all actors involved in the work environment: employers, collaborators, unions, regulatory bodies and society as a whole. Below are some strategies to prevent and combat mobbing at work:
1. Promote an organizational culture based on respect and diversity
Companies must foster a work environment where diversity is valued, individual differences are respected, and teamwork and collaboration are promoted. It is important to raise employees' awareness about the negative effects of workplace harassment and create mechanisms to report and manage situations of violence at work.
2. Train leaders and supervisors in communication and conflict management skills
Leaders and supervisors play a fundamental role in preventing workplace bullying, as they have the responsibility of ensuring the well-being of their subordinates and promote a healthy and productive work environment. It is important to provide them with training in communication skills, conflict resolution, stress management and ethical leadership.
3. Implement clear policies and procedures against workplace harassment
Companies must have clear policies and procedures that prohibit workplace harassment in all its forms and establish mechanisms to report and manage these types of situations. It is essential that workers know their rights and feel supported to report any abusive behavior at work without fear of retaliation.
4. Provide psychological and emotional support to victims of workplace harassment
It is important that companies have psychological and emotional support programs for people who have been victims of workplace harassment. These programs may include psychological counseling, individual or group therapy, meditation and relaxation techniques, among other tools to promote recovery and well-being of affected people.
5. Promote mediation and dialogue in the resolution of labor conflicts
Mediation and dialogue are effective tools to manage and resolve labor conflicts in a peaceful and constructive manner. In cases of workplace harassment, it is important to encourage dialogue between the parties involved, seek consensual solutions and restore trust and harmony in the workplace.
Conclusions
Workplace harassment , or mobbing, is a serious problem that affects the lives of millions of workers around the world. Its history dates back to ancient times, but it continues today as a form of violence at work that generates suffering and harm to the people who suffer from it.
To prevent and address workplace harassment, it is It is essential to promote an organizational culture based on respect, diversity and solidarity, as well as implement clear policies and procedures against violence at work. All actors involved in the work environment have the responsibility to contribute to the eradication of mobbing and the creation of safe, healthy and productive work spaces for all.