Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests itself in childhood and affects communication, social interaction and behavior of people who suffer from it. Autism has traditionally been associated with childhood, but it is increasingly recognized that this condition also persists into adulthood. In this article, we will explore the characteristics of autism in adults and the common problems they face.
Characteristics of autism in adults
1. Difficulties in communication
One of the most prominent characteristics of autism in adults is difficulty in communication. They may have trouble expressing their thoughts and feelings clearly, understanding nonverbal language, or starting and maintaining conversations. Some people with autism may have echolalia (repetition of words or phrases) or a monotonous tone of voice. These difficulties in communication can make interpersonal relationships and adaptation in social environments difficult.
2. Repetitive patterns of behavior
Adults with autism often show repetitive patterns of behavior, restricted interests, and stereotyped activities. They can be very sensitive to changes in their environment and adhere strictly to pre-established routines. These repetitive behaviors can manifest themselves in actions such as rocking, moving your hands in unusual ways, or engaging in specific activities in an obsessive manner.
3. Sensory Sensitivities
Another common characteristic in adults with autism is sensory sensitivities. They may experience hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to sensory stimuli such as light, sound, touch, or smell. These sensitivities can lead to intense emotional responses or avoidance behaviors in situations that others perceive as normal. For example, certain fabric textures may be intolerable or loud noises may cause extreme anxiety.
Common problems in adults with autism
1. Employment Difficulties
For many adults with autism, maintaining employment can be challenging due to difficulties in communication, social interaction, and adapting to changes in the work environment. They may have trouble understanding job expectations, relating to coworkers, or managing stress associated with the work environment. Lack of support and understanding in the workplace can lead to high levels of unemployment and underemployment in this population.
2. Social isolation
Autism in adults can also lead to social isolation due to difficulties establishing and maintaining meaningful relationships. They may experience feelings of loneliness, misunderstood or rejected, which can negatively affect their emotional and mental well-being. Lack of social skills and social anxiety can limit opportunities for socialization and participation in community activities.
3. Mental health problems
Adults with autism are at increased risk of developing mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), or eating disorders. These mental disorders may be related to difficulties in communication, sensory sensitivity, social stress, and adaptation to change. It is essential that people with autism receive adequate psychological and emotional support to manage these challenges.
4. Lack of support services
One of the common problems in adults with autism is the lack of specialized support services. Many people do not have access to early intervention programs, behavioral therapies, mental health services or work inclusion programs. The lack of adequate resources and supports can limit the skill development, autonomy, and quality of life of adults with autism.
Interventions and supports for adults with autism
1. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
Cognitive-behavioral therapy is an effective intervention for adults with autism because it focuses on identifying and modifying dysfunctional thoughts and behaviors. Helps individuals develop coping skills, improve stress management and encourage effective communication. This therapy can address both mental health problems and difficulties in social interaction.
2. Social skills training
Social skills training is essential for adults with autism to improve their communication skills, emotional understanding, and social behavior. This type of intervention focuses on teaching them how to start conversations, recognize facial expressions, interpret others' emotions, and respond appropriately in different social situations.
3. Employment and vocational support
It is important to provide employment and vocational support to adults with autism to facilitate their integration into the labor market. This may include job skills training, adapting the work environment, job interview coaching, and finding employment appropriate to your abilities and interests. Labor inclusion programs are essential to promote independence and self-esteem in this population.
4. Inclusive recreational and leisure programs
Adults with autism can benefit from participating in inclusive recreational and leisure programs that allow them to socialize, develop social skills, and enjoy meaningful activities. These programs must be adapted to individual needs, respect sensory sensitivities and encourage integration in a safe and understanding environment.
Conclusions
In conclusion, autism in adults presents a series of common characteristics and problems that require specialized interventions and supports. It is essential to recognize the unique needs of this population and provide them with the necessary resources to improve their quality of life and emotional well-being. With a person-centered approach, social inclusion and ongoing support, adults with autism can reach their full potential and live fully and satisfying lives.