Childhood Disintegrative Disorder (IDD) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that affects preschool-aged children. Also known as Heller syndrome, IDD is characterized by the significant loss of previously acquired skills in the areas of language, motor skills, social and cognitive functions after a period of apparently normal development. This disorder belongs to the group of Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD) and is considered a severe form of atypical autism.
Causes of Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Although the exact cause of Childhood Disintegrative Disorder is not known with certainty, it is believed that genetic and environmental factors may play a role in its development. Some research suggests that TDI may be related to abnormalities in brain structure and function, as well as neurochemical imbalances. However, more research is needed to fully understand the underlying causes of this disorder.
Risk factors
Some risk factors that may increase the likelihood of developing Childhood Disintegrative Disorder include:
- Family history of neurodevelopmental disorders
- Exposure to environmental toxins during pregnancy or childhood
- Traumatic events or significant stress in the child's life
Symptoms of Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Symptoms of Childhood Disintegrative Disorder generally begin to manifest between 2 and 10 years of age, after a period of relatively normal. Symptoms can vary in severity and encompass different areas of child functioning, including:
Loss of skills
One of the most distinctive signs of IDD is the loss of previously acquired skills in areas such as language, communication, social interaction, motor skills and cognitive functions. These skills can deteriorate significantly in a short period of time, often within a matter of months.
Communication problems
Children with IDD may experience difficulties communicating effectively, including the loss of verbal and non-verbal skills. They may have difficulty maintaining conversations, expressing their needs and emotions, and understanding the language of others.
Social interaction problems
Children with Childhood Disintegrative Disorder often show significant difficulties in social interaction. They may have problems establishing and maintaining relationships with their peers, show a lack of interest in social play, and demonstrate unusual or stereotyped behaviors.
Regression in toilet training
Some children with TDI may experience regression in sphincter control, which may manifest as problems with enuresis or encopresis after previously achieving control.
Diagnosis of Childhood Disintegrative Disorder
Diagnosis of the Disorder Childhood Disintegration can be a complex process that requires the evaluation of multiple areas of development. Mental health professionals and neurodevelopmental specialists use a combination of clinical observation, interviews with parents and teachers, standard assessment tests, and specific diagnostic criteria to identify IDD. Some steps often followed in the diagnostic process include:
Developmental assessment
Professionals evaluate the child's development through direct observations, standardized tests, and interviews with parents. and caregivers. The aim is to identify any significant regression in previously acquired skills.
Exclusion of other conditions
It is important to rule out other medical or psychological conditions that may be causing the child's symptoms. To do this, additional tests and consultations with other health professionals may be carried out.
Compliance with the diagnostic criteria
The diagnosis of Childhood Disintegrative Disorder is made according to the criteria established in diagnostic manuals, such as the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). These criteria include the presence of significant regression in multiple areas of development and the exclusion of other conditions that may explain the symptoms.
Creating a treatment plan
Once it has been Once the diagnosis of Childhood Disintegrative Disorder has been made, an individualized treatment plan can be developed that addresses the specific needs of the child. This plan may include educational interventions, speech therapy, occupational therapy, behavioral therapy, and psychological support for the child and family.
In summary, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that characterized by the significant loss of previously acquired skills in areas such as language, communication, social interaction and cognitive functions. Although the exact causes of TDI are not completely clear, it is believed that genetic and environmental factors may play a role in its development. The diagnosis of IDD requires a thorough evaluation of the child's development and the exclusion of other medical or psychological conditions. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the quality of life of children with Childhood Disintegrative Disorder can be improved and helped them reach their full potential.