Estrogens are sex hormones present in greater quantities in women that play a fundamental role in the development and maintenance of feminine characteristics. However, they are also present in men in much smaller quantities and have various functions in the human body. In this article, we will explore the different types of estrogens, their functions and the effects they have on the body.
Types of Estrogens
There are three main types of estrogens present in the human body: estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3). Each of these estrogens is produced in different amounts and has different effects on the body.
Estrone (E1)
Estrone is the least potent of the three types of estrogen. It is produced mainly in the ovaries and adrenal glands. During menopause, estrone becomes the main source of estrogen in women as the ovaries reduce its production. Although less potent than estradiol, estradiol still plays an important role in regulating various functions in the body.
Estradiol (E2)
Estradiol is the most potent and predominant in women of childbearing age. It is produced in the ovaries and is responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle, promoting the growth of female reproductive organs, and maintaining bone health. Additionally, estradiol plays a crucial role in the development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty.
Estriol (E3)
Estriol is the least potent of the three estrogens and is produced in significant quantities during pregnancy. Although its potency is lower, estriol plays an important role in maintaining hormonal balance during pregnancy and in preparing the body for childbirth.
Functions of Estrogens
Estrogens They have a wide variety of functions in the human body, which go beyond regulating the menstrual cycle and promoting secondary sexual characteristics. Some of the key functions of estrogen include:
Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle
Estradiol is essential in the regulation of the menstrual cycle. During the cycle, estradiol levels fluctuate to prepare the uterus for the possible implantation of a fertilized egg. When estradiol levels are optimal, ovulation occurs and the second phase of the menstrual cycle begins.
Development of Secondary Sexual Characteristics
Oestrogens, especially estradiol, are responsible of the development of secondary sexual characteristics in women during puberty. This includes breast growth, widening of the hips, and pubic hair growth.
Bone Health
Oestrogens play a crucial role in maintaining bone health. bones. They help regulate the balance between bone formation and breakdown, which is essential for preventing osteoporosis and maintaining adequate bone density.
Brain Function
Estrogens have been shown to They have effects on brain function, including memory, mood, and cognition. During menopause, when estrogen levels decrease, some women experience changes in their brain function that can lead to memory problems and changes in mood.
Effects of Estrogens on the BodyEffects of Estrogens on the Body
In addition to their specific functions, estrogens can also have effects on other systems in the human body. Some of the most common effects of estrogens include:
Reproductive Effects
Estrogens have a direct effect on the reproductive system, regulating the menstrual cycle, promoting ovulation and preparing the uterus. for the implantation of a fertilized egg. They also play a role in maintaining the health of the female reproductive organs.
Cardiovascular Effects
Estrogens have been shown to have effects on the cardiovascular system. In women of childbearing age, estrogen may have a protective effect on the heart and blood vessels, reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, during menopause, decreased estrogen levels can increase the risk of heart disease.
Effects on the Skin
Estrogens also affect the skin, contributing to its hydration, elasticity and thickness. During menopause, decreased levels of estrogen can cause changes in the skin, such as dryness and wrinkles.
Emotional Effects
Estrogens can have effects on mood and emotional health. During the menstrual cycle, fluctuations in estrogen levels can influence a woman's mood, and she may experience mood swings before menstruation.
Conclusions
In summary , estrogens are fundamental hormones in the human body, with functions that go beyond regulating the menstrual cycle and promoting secondary sexual characteristics. These hormones play a crucial role in women's overall health, as well as reproductive and cardiovascular health. It is important to recognize the importance of estrogens and understand how they affect the body in order to maintain proper hormonal balance and preserve health throughout life.