Hashimoto's encephalopathy is a rare neurological condition that occurs in patients with Hashimoto's disease, an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid gland. Although Hashimoto's encephalopathy is rare, it is important to understand its symptoms, causes, and treatment options so that help can be provided to those who suffer from it.
Symptoms of encephalopathy Hashimoto's
The symptoms of Hashimoto's encephalopathy can vary in each individual and often overlap with those of other neurological conditions. Some of the most common symptoms include:
- Changes in cognition: Difficulty concentrating, memory loss, and attention problems.
- Motor problems: Tremors, muscle weakness, unsteady gait, or uncontrolled movements.
- Sleep disorders: Insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, or changes in sleep patterns .
- Mood changes: Anxiety, depression, irritability or sudden changes in mood.
- Neurological alterations: Pains head, vertigo, blurred vision, or sensitivity to light.
The variety of symptoms can make the diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy difficult, but it is essential to see a doctor if you experience significant changes in brain function or behavior.
Causes of Hashimoto's encephalopathy
Hashimoto's encephalopathy occurs as a result of an autoimmune reaction in the body, in which the immune system attacks by mistake healthy tissue, in this case, both the thyroid gland and the brain. It is believed that antibodies generated against the thyroid can also affect the central nervous system, causing encephalopathy.
In addition, there are other factors that can contribute to the development of Hashimoto's encephalopathy, such as inflammation in the brain and thyroid dysfunction. Some studies suggest that certain genetic and environmental factors may also play a role in the development of this disease.
Diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy
The diagnosis of Hashimoto's encephalopathy may be a challenge due to the diversity of symptoms and their overlap with other medical conditions. However, there are tests that can help confirm the presence of the disease, such as:
- Blood tests: Tests can be performed to detect the presence of autoantibodies against thyroid and other thyroid function tests.
- Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): An MRI can reveal abnormalities in the brain that are consistent with Hashimoto's encephalopathy.
- Electroencephalogram (EEG): An EEG can show changes in the electrical activity of the brain, which may suggest the presence of the disease.
It is It is important that a doctor perform a complete evaluation, including the patient's medical history, present symptoms, and the results of diagnostic tests, in order to establish an accurate diagnosis and begin appropriate treatment.
Treatment of Hashimoto's encephalopathy
Treatment of Hashimoto's encephalopathy focuses on controlling the underlying disease, that is, Hashimoto's disease, as well as relieving the associated neurological symptoms. Some treatment options may include:
1. Treatment of Hashimoto's disease:
To control the autoimmune response that causes Hashimoto's encephalopathy, medications that regulate thyroid function, such as levothyroxine, may be prescribed. Corticosteroids may also be included to reduce inflammation in the brain.
2. Immunosuppressive therapy:
In severe cases, immunosuppressive therapy may be chosen to curb the autoimmune response and reduce damage to the brain. These treatments should be closely monitored by a health professional due to their possible side effects.
3. Rehabilitation therapy:
Occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech and language therapy can help improve motor, cognitive, and language function in patients with Hashimoto's encephalopathy. These therapies can be essential to recover lost skills and improve quality of life.
4. Regular medical follow-up:
Regular medical follow-up is essential to monitor response to treatment, adjust medication as necessary, and address any new or persistent symptoms. A multidisciplinary medical team can provide a comprehensive approach to the care of those with Hashimoto's encephalopathy.
Conclusions
In summary, Hashimoto's encephalopathy is a rare but significant neurological condition that can affect patients with Hashimoto's disease. With a proper understanding of the symptoms, causes and treatment options, it is possible to provide support and care to those facing this disease. If you experience symptoms that could be related to Hashimoto's encephalopathy, it is crucial to seek specialized medical care to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.