Childhood encopresis, also known as fecal incontinence, is a disorder that affects school-age children and consists of the inability to control bowel movements voluntarily. This problem can result in embarrassing situations and significantly affect the quality of life of the child and his or her family environment. In this article, we will explore the causes, types, and treatments of childhood encopresis to better understand this condition and how to address it effectively.
Causes of childhood encopresis
Childhood encopresis can be caused by a variety of factors, including physiological, psychological and social aspects. Below are some of the possible causes of this disorder:
1. Chronic constipation
One of the most common factors contributing to childhood encopresis is chronic constipation. When a child experiences difficulty passing stool regularly, it can lead to a buildup of feces in the colon, resulting in leakage and involuntary fecal loss.
2. Emotional problems and stress
Stress, anxiety or complicated emotional situations can trigger encopresis in some children. Drastic changes in a child's life, such as the start of school, family conflicts or socialization problems, can manifest themselves through intestinal and fecal problems.
3. Genetic and hereditary factors
Some studies suggest that childhood encopresis may have a genetic or hereditary component, meaning that children with a family history of intestinal problems may be more likely to develop this disorder.
4. Physical development problems
Certain medical conditions or abnormalities in the child's physical development, such as anatomical malformations in the intestine or nervous system, can contribute to encopresis. It is important to perform a complete medical evaluation to rule out possible organic causes.
Types of infantile encopresis
There are different types of infantile encopresis that can be classified according to their characteristics and the frequency of fecal episodes. involuntary. The main types of encopresis are described below:
1. Primary encopresis:
Refers to cases in which the child has never achieved complete control of his or her bowel movements. It may be mainly associated with chronic constipation and fecal retention, leading to fecal incontinence.
2. Secondary encopresis:
This type of encopresis occurs in children who, after having managed to control their bowel movements for a period of time, begin to experience episodes of involuntary fecal loss. It is usually related to emotional, situational factors or significant changes in the child's life.
3. Daytime encopresis:
It is characterized by the presence of episodes of fecal incontinence during the day, generally when the child is awake and active. This type of encopresis may be associated with constipation problems or emotional and social difficulties.
4. Nocturnal encopresis:
In this case, episodes of involuntary fecal loss occur at night, while the child sleeps. Nocturnal encopresis may be related to physical factors, such as deep sleep or failure to respond to evacuation cues.
Treatment of infantile encopresis
Treatment of infantile encopresis It requires a comprehensive approach that addresses both the medical and psychological aspects of the disorder. Below are some common strategies used in the management of encopresis:
1. Medical evaluation
It is essential that the child be evaluated by a health professional to rule out possible organic causes of encopresis, such as intestinal or neurological problems. Diagnostic tests may be performed, such as blood tests, imaging studies, or specialized evaluations.
2. Dietary modifications
Making changes to the child's diet, such as increasing the intake of fiber, liquids and foods rich in nutrients, can help regularize intestinal transit and prevent constipation. It is important that a nutrition professional designs an appropriate eating plan for each case.
3. Sphincter control training
Sphincter control training is essential in the management of childhood encopresis. This involves teaching the child techniques to strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, identifying evacuation signals and establishing regular times to go to the bathroom.
4. Psychological therapy
Psychological therapy, such as cognitive behavioral therapy, may be beneficial for children with encopresis, especially in cases where emotional or situational factors are contributing to the disorder. Through therapy, underlying causes can be addressed and strategies developed to improve bowel control.
5. Medications
In some cases, the doctor may prescribe laxative medications or supplements that help regularize intestinal transit and prevent constipation. It is important to follow medical instructions and carry out regular follow-up to evaluate the response to pharmacological treatment.
6. Family support
Family support is essential in the treatment of childhood encopresis. Parents and caregivers play a key role in managing the condition, providing understanding, patience and motivation to the child during the recovery process. Establishing consistent routines and reinforcing the child's achievements can be of great help.
Conclusion
Childhood encopresis is a disorder that can cause worry and stress for both the child experiencing it and the child. for your family environment. Identifying the underlying causes, recognizing the different types of encopresis, and providing appropriate and comprehensive treatment are essential steps to effectively address this condition. With the collaboration of health professionals, educators and family members, children with encopresis can learn to control their bowel movements, improve their quality of life and overcome this challenge in a positive and successful way.