Lacunar infarction is a common form of ischemic stroke that affects small arteries in the brain. Despite being less known than other types of stroke, lacunar infarction can cause serious symptoms and have long-term consequences on the health of people who suffer from it.
Causes of Lacunar Infarction
Lacunar infarcts have their origin in the occlusion of small penetrating arteries that supply the subcortical structures of the brain. This may be due to the presence of atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, diabetes or other diseases that affect the cerebral blood vessels. The formation of small blood clots in these arteries can also trigger a lacunar infarction.
Risk Factors
Some risk factors that can increase the chance of having a lacunar infarction include:
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Hypercholesterolemia
- Smoking
- Obesity
Symptoms of Lacunar Infarction
The symptoms of lacunar infarction vary depending on the location of the damage in the brain. Some common signs and symptoms include:
- Weakness or numbness on one side of the body, usually in the face, arm or leg
- Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
- Loss of motor coordination
- Difficulty walking
- Visual problems
Diagnosis
The Diagnosis of lacunar infarction is made through a combination of the patient's medical history, physical examination, imaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT), and blood tests to evaluate glucose and lipid levels. and blood coagulation.
Treatment of Lacunar Infarction
Treatment of lacunar infarction focuses on the prevention of future cerebral vascular events and the recovery of affected functions. Some common measures include:
Medication
Using medications to control blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol can help reduce the risk of recurrent lacunar infarctions. Anticoagulants may also be prescribed in some cases.
Rehabilitation
Physical and occupational rehabilitation is essential to recover motor and cognitive function after a lacunar infarction. Therapy programs may include exercises to strengthen weakened muscles, improve coordination, and restore speech skills.
Lifestyle changes
Adopt a healthy lifestyle that include a balanced diet, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and managing underlying medical conditions may be crucial to preventing lacunar infarctions and improving long-term quality of life.
Conclusion
The Lacunar infarction is a serious condition that requires immediate medical attention. With timely diagnosis and treatment, as well as lifestyle changes, it is possible to prevent complications and improve the quality of life of those who have suffered a lacunar infarction. Education about risk factors and the promotion of vascular health are key to reducing the incidence of this condition and its consequences.