The neural tube is a crucial structure in embryonic development that will eventually give rise to the human central nervous system. In this article, we will explore in detail what the neural tube is, how it is formed during the gestation process and the associated diseases that can occur when there are problems in its development.
What is the neural tube?
The neural tube is a hollow, elongated tube that forms during the early stages of embryonic development in humans. It is the structure from which the central nervous system originates, which includes the brain and spinal cord. The development of the neural tube is one of the most important events in embryogenesis, since the correct functioning of the nervous system in the future individual will depend on it.
Formation of the neural tube
The process of neural tube formation begins in the early stages of embryonic development, around the third week after conception. It originates from a structure known as the neural plate, which subsequently folds and forms an elongated tube. This closed neural tube is the precursor of the central nervous system and develops in parallel with other structures that will form the rest of the systems and organs of the embryo.
The closure of the neural tube is a fundamental process for proper development of the central nervous system. Any alteration in this process can lead to congenital malformations that affect the brain and spinal cord function of the developing individual.
Diseases associated with the neural tube
Diseases associated with the neural tube are disorders congenital disorders that occur as a result of abnormal development of the neural tube during the early stages of pregnancy. These conditions can have serious consequences for the health and development of the affected person, and in some cases may be incompatible with life.
Neural tube defects
Tube defects neural are malformations that affect the proper development of this structure during pregnancy. Some of the most common neural tube defects include spina bifida and anencephaly.
Spina bifida is a malformation in which the spinal cord and nerve roots are exposed due to incomplete closure of the neural tube. in the lumbar region. This can cause damage to the nerves and spinal cord, resulting in problems with mobility, sensation, and control of the bladder and rectum in the affected person.
On the other hand, anencephaly is an abnormality in in which the cephalic end of the neural tube does not close properly, resulting in the partial or complete absence of the brain and skull in the fetus. Babies born with anencephaly usually have a very reduced life expectancy and present severe malformations in the central nervous system.
Folic acid and prevention of neural tube diseases
Adequate intake of Folic acid before and during pregnancy is crucial to prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid is a B complex vitamin that plays a fundamental role in the development of the neural tube and in the prevention of congenital malformations.
It is recommended that women of childbearing age consume an adequate amount of folic acid , either through diet or vitamin supplements, to reduce the risk of their babies developing neural tube defects during pregnancy.
Conclusions
The neural tube is a vital structure in embryonic development that gives rise to the central nervous system in humans. Its correct formation is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and any alteration in this process can lead to serious congenital diseases, such as spina bifida and anencephaly.
The prevention of neural tube defects through Through the intake of folic acid is a fundamental measure to reduce the risk of malformations in the central nervous system. Education about the importance of folic acid in maternal and child health and following the recommendations of health professionals are key aspects to ensure adequate development of the neural tube in future babies.
In Summary, understanding the process of neural tube formation, associated diseases and the necessary preventive measures is essential to promote the health and well-being of future generations.